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    Primary Drug Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isolated in the Kelkit Valley
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2009) Bulut, Yunus; Yenisehirli, Guelguen; Otlu, Baris; Seyfikli, Zehra; Celikel, Serhat; Yilmaz, Ayse; Inonu, Handan
    Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the primary drug resistance rates and genotypes of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in the Kelkit Valley. Materials and Methods: Primary resistance to isoniazid (INH). rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol (ETB), and streptomycin (SM) was determined with the BACTEC 460 radiometric system. Forty-eight resistant M. tuberculosis strains isolated from tuberculosis patients living in the Kelkit Valley were genotyped using the spoligotyping method. Results: Approximately 11.6% of the strains were resistant against at least one major drug, and 8.3% were resistant against more than one drug. Single-drug resistance for INH. ETB, SM. and RIF was found as 5.8%, 2.1%, 3.7%, and 0.0%, respectively. Two or more drug resistance rates for SM + ETB, SM + INH, INH + RIF, RIF + ETB, INH + ETB + RIF, SM + ETB + INH and INH + ETB + RIF + SM were determined as 0.8%, 1.7%, 0.4%, 0.8%. 2.9%. 0.4%, and 1.2%, respectively. Fifteen spoligotype groups were created when the results were compared with the world databank (SpolDB4). Families of four strains could not be determined. The spoligotype groups most frequently encountered in our study were ST4 (n = 10, 20.8%). ST53 (n = 6, 12.5%). ST7 (n = 4, 8.3%), ST41 (n = 4, 8.3%) and ST31 (n = 4, 8.3%), and the most frequently encountered families were T1 (n = 18, 37.5%), S (n = 12, 25%) and LAM-7 TUR (n = 4, 8.3%). Conclusions: High rates of primary resistance against major anti-tuberculosis drugs, the LAM-7 TUR clone, and high grouping rates were detected in this study. the first such study carried out in the Kelkit Valley.
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    Tongue edema and tongue paresthesia during immediate-release venlafaxine treatment
    (Cumhuriyet Univ Tip Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, 2009) Cumurcu, Birguel Elbozan; Ozbey, Guel; Celikel, Feryal Cam; Celikel, Serhat; Hasbek, Ekrem; Sezer, Engin
    The patient was a 34-year-old woman who was diagnosed with major depressive disorder and was stalled on venlafaxine 37.5 mg/day (immediate-release tablet formula). On the third day of venlafaxine treatment, she has developed tongue edema and paresthesia and difficulty in swallowing 10-15 minutes after ingestion of the pill. The symptoms resolved throughout the day. On the 4th day of the treatment, the same symptoms appeared once again. The case was diagnosed as hypersensitivity reaction. To our knowledge, this is the first case report presented with angioedema induced by venlataxine, which is in line with the World Health Organization's 'unexpected adverse drug reactions' definition; we reported these adverse events to Turkey Farmacovigilance Center (TUFAM) by means of the 'adverse effects reporting form'. Spontaneous reporting of the unexpected adverse events to TUFAM are necessary for the safe use of the prescribed drugs. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2009; 10:246-248)