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Öğe Chemical and microbiological status and volatile profiles of mouldy Civil cheese, a Turkish mould-ripened variety(Wiley, 2012) Cakmakci, Songul; Gundogdu, Engin; Hayaloglu, Ali A.; Dagdemir, Elif; Gurses, Mustafa; Cetin, Bulent; Tahmas-Kahyaoglu, DerenThe objective of this study is to characterise the gross chemical and microbiological status and identify the volatile compounds of mouldy Civil cheeses. A total of forty-one samples were surveyed, and gross compositional status of the cheeses was (as mean values): 6.5 for pH, 6.2% for fat-in-dry matter, 51.8% for moisture and 15.3% for water-soluble nitrogen (as% of total nitrogen). Chemical composition of the cheese samples varied widely. Mouldy Civil cheese has similar pH values and moisture contents when compared with blue-type cheeses, but it has distinct feature for fat contents. The microbiological counts of the samples were found to be high and some samples contained coliform bacteria. A total of 95 volatiles, including esters (28), acids (6), ketones (12), aldehydes (3), alcohols (15), terpenes (10), sulphur compounds (3) and miscellaneous (18), were identified in the volatile fractions of the cheeses, and principal volatile groups were esters, alcohols and ketones.Öğe Effect of Penicillium roqueforti and incorporation of whey cheese on volatile profiles and sensory characteristics of mould-ripened Civil cheese(Wiley, 2013) Cakmakci, Songul; Dagdemir, Elif; Hayaloglu, Ali A.; Gurses, Mustafa; Cetin, Bulent; Tahmas-Kahyaoglu, DerenIn this study, four different types of mould-ripened Civil cheese were manufactured. A defined (nontoxigenic) strain of a Penicillium roqueforti (SC 509) was used as secondary starter for the manufacture of mould-ripened Civil cheese with and without addition of the whey cheese Lor; in parallel, secondary starter-free counterparts were manufactured. A total of 83 compounds were identified. Ketones, alcohols and esters were the principal classes of volatile components. Principal component analysis of the headspace volatiles grouped cheeses by age and type. P.roqueforti inoculated cheese was clearly separated from the other cheeses at 180days of ripening, and these cheeses were characterised with high levels of ketones (e.g., 2-butanone, 2-heptanone). Differences in the panel scores between the cheese samples were not significant during the first stage of ripening (up to 60days); as ripening proceeded, these differences were become evident and P.roqueforti inoculated cheeses received higher scores than others. Addition of Lor in the manufacture of mould-ripened Civil cheese caused lower points by the sensory panel, and the cheese inoculated with P.roqueforti and Lor-free was the best type of mould-ripened Civil cheese. The results showed that the use of P.roqueforti in the manufacture of mould-ripened Civil cheese has significant impact on the volatile profiles and sensory attributes.Öğe Effects of Penicillium roqueforti and whey cheese on gross composition, microbiology and proteolysis of mould-ripened Civil cheese during ripening(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Cakmakci, Songul; Hayaloglu, Ali A.; Dagdemir, Elif; Cetin, Bulent; Gurses, Mustafa; Tahmas-Kahyaoglu, DerenFour different types of mould-ripened Civil cheese were manufactured. A defined (nontoxigenic) strain of a Penicillium roqueforti (SC 509) was used as the secondary starter with and without addition of the whey cheese (Lor); in parallel, secondary starter-free counterparts were manufactured. Chemical composition, microbiology and proteolysis were studied during the ripening. The incorporation of whey cheese in the manufacture of mould-ripened Civil cheese altered the gross composition and adversely affected proteolysis in the cheeses. The inoculated P.roqueforti moulds appeared to grow slowly on those cheeses, and little proteolysis was evident in all cheese treatments during the first 90days of ripening. However, sharp increases in the soluble nitrogen fractions were observed in all cheeses after 90days. Microbiological analysis showed that the microbial counts in the cheeses were at high levels at the beginning of ripening, while their counts decreased approximately 1-2logcfu/g towards the end of ripening.Öğe Lapatinib plus Capecitabine for Brain Metastases in Patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer: A Review of the Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology (ASMO) Experience(Karger, 2012) Cetin, Bulent; Benekli, Mustafa; Oksuzoglu, Berna; Koral, Lokman; Ulas, Arife; Dane, Faysal; Turker, IbrahimBackground: We investigated the clinical outcome of patients with brain metastases (BMs) from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treated with lapatinib and capecitabine (LC). Patients and Methods: A total of 203 patients with HER2+ MBC, who had progressed after trastuzumab-containing chemotherapy, were retrospectively evaluated in 11 centers between September 2009 and May 2011. 85 patients who had developed BMs before the initiation of treatment with LC were included. All patients had received prior cranial radiotherapy. All patients were treated with the combination of lapatinib (1,250 mg/day continuously) and capecitabine (2,000 mg/m(2) on days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle). Results: The median follow-up was 10.5 months (range 1-38 months). An overall response rate of 27.1% was achieved, including complete response in 2 (2.4%) and partial response in 21 (24.7%) patients. Median progression-free survival was 7 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 5-9), with a median overall survival of 13 months (95% Cl 9-17). The most common side effects were hand-foot syndrome (58.8%), nausea (55.3%), fatigue (48.9%), anorexia (45.9%), rash (36.5%), and diarrhea (35.4%). Grade 3-4 toxicities were hand-foot syndrome (9.4%), diarrhea (8.3%), fatigue (5.9%), and rash (4.7%). There were no symptomatic cardiac events. Conclusion: LC combination therapy was effective and well-tolerated in patients with HER2+ MBC with BMs, who had progressive disease after trastuzumab-containing therapy.Öğe Lapatinib plus capecitabine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer: a multicentre study of Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology (ASMO)(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Cetin, Bulent; Benekli, Mustafa; Turker, Ibrahim; Koral, Lokman; Ulas, Arife; Dane, Faysal; Oksuzoglu, BernaLapatinib is the first dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2/neu) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The present study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of lapatinib and capecitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who progressed after therapy with trastuzumab, a taxane and/or anthracycline. A total of 203 patients with a median age of 48 years (range: 25-82 years) were evaluated retrospectively in 11 centres between September 2007 and May 2011. All the patients had HER2-positive MBC progressing after trastuzumab and chemotherapy including an anthracycline and/or taxane. All patients were treated with the combination of lapatinib (1250 mg/day, continuously) and capecitabine (2000 mg/m(2) on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle). Data on demographics, clinical outcome, and toxicity were collected for descriptive analyses. The median follow-up was 10.7 months (range: 1-40 months). An overall response rate (ORR) of 33.4% was achieved including 7 complete responses (CR, 3.4%), 61 partial responses (PR, 30.0%), and 44 stable disease (37.9%). Clinical benefit rate of 71.3% was achieved. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7 months (95% CI: 6-10 months), with a median overall survival (OS) of 15 months (95% CI: 12-18 months). The most common side effects were hand-foot syndrome (46.8%), nausea (42.3%), fatigue (42.2%), anorexia (38.5%), diarrhea (31.5%), and rash (29.6%). Grade 3-4 toxicities were identified as hand foot syndrome (7.9%), diarrhea (6.9%), fatigue (5.9%), and rash (5.4%). There were no symptomatic cardiac events. Lapatinib and capecitabine combination therapy is effective and well tolerated in patients with MBC who had progressive disease after trastuzumab, taxane, and/or anthracycline therapy, as evidenced by this retrospective evaluation. Toxicity was mild to moderate with low grade 3-4 toxicity.Öğe Morphological, Molecular, and Mycotoxigenic Identification of Dominant Filamentous Fungi from Moldy Civil Cheese(Int Assoc Food Protection, 2012) Cakmakci, Songul; Cetin, Bulent; Gurses, Mustafa; Dagdemir, Elif; Hayaloglu, Ali AdnanMoldy Civil is a mold-ripened variety of cheese produced mainly in eastern Turkey. This cheese is produced with Civil cheese and whey curd cheese (Lor). Civil cheese has had a geographical presence since 2009 and is manufactured with skim milk. In the production of Moldy Civil cheese, Civil cheese or a mixture of Civil and Lor cheese is pressed into goat skins or plastic bags and ripened for 3 months or longer. During the ripening period, natural contaminating molds grow on the surface of and inside the cheese. In this study, 186 mold strains were isolated from 41 samples of Moldy Civil cheese, and 165 of these strains were identified as Penicillium roqueforti. Identification and mycotoxicologic analyses were conducted using morphotypic and molecular methods. PCR amplicons of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 region were subjected to sequence analysis. This research is the first using molecular methods on Moldy Civil cheese. Mycotoxicologic analyses were conducted using thin-layer chromatography, and random amplified polymorphic DNA genotypes were determined using the ari1 primer. Of 165 isolates, only 28 produced no penicillic acid, P. roqueforti toxin, or roquefortine.Öğe Mycotoxin production capability of Penicillium roqueforti in strains isolated from mould-ripened traditional Turkish civil cheese(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Cakmakci, Songul; Gurses, Mustafa; Hayaloglu, A. Adnan; Cetin, Bulent; Sekerci, Pinar; Dagdemir, ElifMould-ripened civil is a traditional cheese produced mainly in eastern Turkey. The cheese is produced with a mixture of civil and whey curd cheeses (lor). This mixture is pressed into goat skins or plastic bags and is ripened for more than three months. Naturally occurring moulds grow on the surface and inside of the cheese during ripening. In this research, 140 Penicillium roqueforti strains were isolated from 41 samples of mould-ripened civil cheese collected from Erzurum and around towns in eastern Turkey. All strains were capable of mycotoxin production and were analysed using an HPLC method. It was established that all the strains (albeit at very low levels) produced roquefortine C, penicillic acid, mycophenolic acid and patulin. The amounts of toxins were in the ranges 0.4-47.0, 0.2-43.6, 0.1-23.1 and 0.1-2.3mgkg(-1), respectively. Patulin levels of the samples were lower than the others. The lowest level and highest total mycotoxin levels were determined as 1.2 and 70.1mgkg(-1) respectively. The results of this preliminary study may help in the choice of secondary cultures for mould-ripened civil cheese and other mould-ripened cheeses.Öğe Results of Adjuvant FOLFOX Regimens in Stage III Colorectal Cancer Patients: Retrospective Analysis of 667 Patients(Karger, 2013) Uncu, Dogan; Aksoy, Sercan; Cetin, Bulent; Yetisyigit, Tarkan; Ozdemir, Nuriye; Berk, Veli; Dane, FaysalObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) regimens in clinical practice according to their efficacy and toxicity. Methods: Patients who received oxaliplatin-containing regimens after curative resection for colorectal carcinoma from 10 different oncology centers between May 2004 and December 2009 were included in the study. All patients were treated with FOLFOX regimens. Patients with rectal carcinoma were also treated with chemoradiotherapy with 5-FU after 2 cycles of a FOLFOX regimen. Results: The median age of the patients was 56 years (range 17-78). Of the total 667 patients, 326 were given FOLFOX-4, 232 were given modified FOLFOX-4 and 109 were given FOLFOX-6. The distribution according to disease stage was 33 patients with stage IIIA colorectal cancer, 382 patients with stage IIIB and 252 patients with stage IIIC. The most common adverse events were neutropenia (54%), nausea (36.9%), neuropathy (38.2%) and anemia (33.1%) for all grades. The median follow-up time was 23 months (range 1-79). Three-year disease-free survival and overall survival were 65 and 85.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The different oxaliplatin-containing 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in patients with stage III colorectal cancer seemed to be at least equal in terms of efficacy regardless of the method of 5-FU administration or oxaliplatin dose. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
