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    Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Benzothiazole Derivatives Targeting NF-κB/COX-2/iNOS in a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line
    (Galenos Publ House, 2025) Uremis, Muhammed Mehdi; Uremis, Nuray; Ceylan, Mustafa; Turkoz, Yusuf
    Objectives: Benzothiazole compounds, characterized by their diverse biological and pharmacological properties, have emerged as promising molecules for suppressing cancer cell proliferation and invasion due to their antiproliferative attributes. Prior research from our laboratory revealed that 2-substituted benzothiazole compounds inhibit the proliferation of glioma and cervical cancer cells and induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of benzothiazoles against hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). This study sought to elucidate the anticancer potential of 2-substituted benzothiazole derivatives through their modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation mediators. Materials and Methods: Antiproliferative effects of two-step synthesized 2-substituted benzothiazole derivatives were evaluated on HepG2 cells via MTT assay. Apoptosis induction was assessed using Annexin V/PI staining; cell cycle arrest effects were determined through cell cycle analysis; cell migration was examined via wound healing assay; and mitochondrial membrane damage was quantified using JC-1 staining. Spectrophotometric measurements of total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total thiol, and native thiol levels were used to assess cellular redox status. Expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), an inflammatory marker, was assessed by western blot, while inflammation-related cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were measured using ELISA. Results: This investigation unveiled benzothiazole derivatives' antiproliferative and cytotoxic properties against HepG2 cells (IC50 values of 56.98 pM and 59.17 pM at 24 h, and 38.54 pM 29.63 at 48 h). The synthesized compounds exhibited the ability to suppress cell migration and induce apoptosis, mediated by mitochondrial membrane potential loss (wound-closure rates of 84.0 and 90.4% vs. 51.7% control at 48 h, apoptosis rates of 10.70% and 45.22% vs. 1.02% control). Furthermore, these derivatives reduced SOD activity (A and B at 100 pM p<0.001), TAS levels (A and B at 100 M, p < 0.05, p < 0.001), and dynamic disulfide content. Notably, a decrease in NF-kappa B protein levels, closely associated with inflammation, was observed, along with a subsequent reduction in downstream effectors COX-2 (A and B at 100 pM, p<0.001) and iNOS (A and B at 100 pM, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the antiproliferative effects of benzothiazole derivatives in human HCCs, coupled with their antiinflammatory potential by diminishing NF-kappa B levels.
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    The characteristics of episodic migraine vs. chronic migraine at high altitude and the relationship with body mass index, education level and MIDAS
    (2019) Ceylan, Mustafa
    Keywords: key, migraine prevalence was reported to be 16.4%. It was determined that chronic migraine (CM) accounts for 10.8% of overall migraine cases. Some studies alleged that migraine is more prevalent at high altitudes. Furthermore, a relationship has been reported between CM and body mass index (BMI) and education level. We investigated the characteristic features of migraine and their effects on the activities of daily living, as well as the body mass index and sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, who have been diagnosed with migraine in our outpatient clinic in the city center of Erzurum, which is located nearly 2,000 meters above the sea level.br /Material and Methods: Characteristics of migraine, sociodemographic data, body mass index and MIDAS scoresof 1347 patients aged 18-45 years, who have been living in the city center of Erzurum and have been diagnosed with migraine based on the ICHD-2 in neurology outpatient clinic between December 2012 and October 2015, were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups as episodic and chronic migraine.br /Results: Of the patients, the mean age was 30.4 (±8.4) years, 81.8% (n=1104) were female, and 32.3% (n=435) had chronic migraine. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of education level, MIDAS scores and BMI (p0.005).br /Conclusion: We detected high CM prevalence in such high altitude. Characteristic features of the disease were consistent with the literature. The rate of illiterate patients was higher in the CM group. The prevalence of CM increased with BMI. CM group had higher MIDAS scores. We think that high altitude, as well as BMI and education level, contributes to the disease to become chronic.br / Migraine, MIDAS, High altitude, Body Mass Index.
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    Clinical and laboratory efficacy of repetitive triamcinolone injections in carpal tunnel syndrome
    (2019) Ceylan, Mustafa; Simsek, Fatma; Sonkaya, Ali Riza
    Ceylan, M., Simsek, F., & Riza Sonkaya, A. (2021). Clinical and laboratory efficacy of repetitive triamcinolone injections in carpal tunnel syndrome . Annals of Medical Research
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    The Connection Between Sleep Spindles and Seizures in Schizencephaly: A Case Report
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Kayabekir, Murat; Ceylan, Mustafa; Yalcin, Ahmet; Topaloglu, Omercan
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Investigation of Apoptotic and Anticancer Effects of 2-substituted Benzothiazoles in Breast Cancer Cell Lines: EGFR Modulation and Mechanistic Insights
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2025) Uremis, Muhammed Mehdi; Ceylan, Mustafa; Turkoz, Yusuf
    Background and Objective Benzothiazole derivatives, a class of heterocyclic compounds, exhibited diverse biological activities influenced by substituents in the thiazole ring. This study aimed to synthesize these compounds with two functional groups to investigate their potential as anticancer agents, particularly against breast cancer. While previous research demonstrated the efficacy of 2-substituted benzothiazoles against glioma and cervical and pancreatic cancer cells, there is a gap in studies targeting breast cancer.Methods The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro using MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A cell lines, with Doxorubicin as the positive control. Various assays were conducted, including Annexin V/PI, cell cycle analysis, wound healing, and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential. Protein expression of EGFR and transcription levels of apoptosis-related genes (Bax and Bcl-xL) and cancer progression-related genes (JAK, STAT3, ERK, AKT, mTOR) were analyzed. Additionally, the balance between antioxidants and oxidants was evaluated by measuring TAS and TOS levels.Results Our findings revealed that benzothiazole compounds significantly inhibited breast cancer cell growth by reducing cell motility, disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential, and inducing cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase. These compounds increased reactive oxygen species accumulation, leading to cell death. Furthermore, they decreased EGFR protein levels, increased Bax gene transcription, and downregulated the expression of genes such as JAK, STAT3, ERK, AKT, and mTOR.Conclusion In conclusion, benzothiazole derivatives exhibited potent inhibitory effects on breast cancer in vitro by promoting apoptosis, downregulating EGFR activity, and modulating key signaling pathways, including JAK/STAT, ERK/MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR. These results highlighted the potential of benzothiazole derivatives as novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment.
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    The investigation of guillain-barre syndrome and prognosis
    (2019) Ceylan, Mustafa; Sonkaya, Ali Riza
    Aim: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated disease of peripheral nervous system. It is important to estimate the prognosis because of disability burden and morbidity. In addition to clinical features and disease severity scales, serum biomarkers were used to estimate prognosis. We aimed to determine the subtypes, demographic and clinical characteristics of GBS patients, and the factors affecting the short-term prognosis. Material and Methods: The medical files of 94 patients who were followed up with diagnosis of GBS between January 2011 and January 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinical features, disease severity scores, and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratios were determined, and the effects of these parameters on short-term prognosis were investigated. Results: Most of the patients (60.6%) had acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) subtype. A majority of the cases were men and were in 5 to 7th decades of age. There was no seasonal relevance with the disease. 77% of the cases had albuminocytologic dissociation. The short-term prognosis was associated with age, respiratory failure, cranial nerve involvement and N/L ratio. Conclusion: It is important to estimate the prognosis in GBS. In our study, age, respiratory failure, cranial nerve involvement and N/L ratio were found as related factors with short-term prognosis.