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Öğe Acute effect of different doses of caffeinated chewing gum on exercise performance in caffeine-habituated male soccer players(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Yildirim, Ulas Can; Akcay, Neslihan; Alexe, Dan Iulian; Esen, Ozcan; Gulu, Mehmet; Cirtita-Buzoianu, Cristina; Cinarli, Fahri SafaThe ergogenic benefits of caffeine have been well established, but there is scarce research on its chewing gum form. The present research aimed to examine the effects of different doses (100 and 200 mg) of caffeinated chewing gum on muscle strength, vertical jump performance, and ball-kicking speed in trained male soccer players. In a double-blind, randomized counterbalanced, and crossover research design, 14 male soccer players (age = 22 +/- 2 y; body mass = 74.2 +/- 7.1 kg; height = 180.0 +/- 6.8 cm; habitual caffeine intake = 358.9 +/- 292.4 mg/day) participated in three experimental trials. In each trial, participants performed isometric handgrip strength, quadriceps and hamstring strength, ball-kicking speed, and 15 s countermovement jump test 10 min after chewing 100 mg (LCAF) or 200 mg (MCAF) of caffeinated gum or placebo (PLA). MCAF improved quadriceps strength (53.77 +/- 5.77 kg) compared to LCAF (49.62 +/- 8.81 kg, p = 0.048) and PLA (49.20 +/- 7.20 kg, p = 0.032). However, neither LCAF nor MCAF had a significant effect on the isometric handgrip and hamstring strength, ball-kicking speed, and 15 s countermovement jump test (all p > 0.05). These findings support chewing gum as an alternative mode of caffeine administration which can be used as a nutritional ergogenic aid for trained soccer players, at least for quadriceps strength.Öğe Does Dominant Somatotype Differentiate Performance of Jumping and Sprinting Variables in Young Healthy Adults?(Mdpi, 2022) Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Buyukcelebi, Hakan; Esen, Ozcan; Barasinska, Magdalena; Cepicka, Ladislav; Gabrys, Tomasz; Nalbant, UmutThe relationship between an athlete's somatotype three-numeral rating and his or her athletic performance is well known. However, a direct effect of the different dominant somatotype on jumping and sprinting variables has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dominant somatotype on sport-specific explosive variables. One hundred and twelve physically active young adults (mean +/- standard deviation age: 21.82 +/- 3.18 years) were somatotype-rated using the Heath-Carter method. Participants were classified as balanced ectomorph, balanced mesomorph, central, mesomorph-endomorph, and mesomorphic ectomorph. Vertical jump and linear sprint tests were performed to measure peak lower body performance and sprint variables (time, speed, and momentum), respectively. The analysis revealed that balanced mesomorph had significantly higher vertical jump (effect size (ES) = 1.10, p = 0.005) and power to body mass (ES = 1.04, p = 0.023) than mesomorph-endomorph. In addition, balanced mesomorph showed significantly superior performance in 30-m sprint time and velocity than central and mesomorph-endomorph (ES range = 0.93-1, p < 0.05). Finally, balanced ectomorph (ES = 1.12, p = 0.009) and mesomorphic ectomorph (ES = 1.10, p = 0.017) were lower in sprint momentum compared to balanced mesomorphs. In conclusion, this study has shown the importance of the interaction between subtypes and athletic performance. The knowledge gained may be important in identifying those who tend to perform well in sports with explosive power and in prescribing training programs.Öğe EFFECTS OF UPPER EXTREMITY FATIGUE ON SHOOTING ACCURACY, KINEMATICS, AND MUSCLE ACTIVATION IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS(Univ Ljubljana Press, 2025) Yasar, Merve Nur; Cilli, Murat; Bakici, Dogus; Gul, Ayse Nur Ay; Kalk, Berkan; Cinarli, Fahri SafaFatigue is a critical determinant of sports performance, often impairing athletic precision and efficiency. This study investigated the effects of upper extremity fatigue on shooting accuracy, kinematics, and muscle activity in adolescent basketball players. Twelve participants (age: 15 +/- 1.1 yrs; sports experience: 6 +/- 2.7 yrs) performed free throws under pre-and post-fatigue conditions. Fatigue was induced through a structured protocol utilizing a graphical user interface to monitor exertion levels. Shooting accuracy was qualitatively assessed based on predefined shot outcome categories. Kinematic variables, joint angles, joint angular velocities, and ball trajectory parameters were analyzed alongside muscle activation of key upper extremity muscles. Post-fatigue analysis revealed a significant decrease in elbow angular velocity (-5.08%, p = 0.041, effect size = 0.59), indicating impaired joint coordination. Additionally, palmaris longus muscle activation declined (-4.68%, p = 0.028, effect size = 0.63), suggesting reduced wrist stability and grip control. Furthermore, shooting accuracy deteriorated, with a significant increase in the frequency of'Airball' (p < 0.05) and 'Short or uncontrolled shot did not score' (p < 0.05) outcomes. However, no significant differences were observed in the 'Balanced and controlled shot, but did not score' and 'Successful shot' categories. These findings highlight the negative impact of fatigue on neuromuscular control and biomechanics, underscoring the importance of fatigue management strategies in basketball training to maintain shooting efficiency.Öğe Effects of virtual reality-based cognitive and technical drills on scanning and passing performance in youth football players: a randomized controlled study(Bmc, 2025) Erisik, Kaan; Cerrah, Ali Onur; Cinarli, Fahri SafaBackground Traditional training methods often fall short in replicating the perceptual load of match environments. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising modality to enhance cognitive-motor integration in football contexts. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of a 7-week virtual reality-based training program designed to improve both scanning behavior and passing performance in youth football players, in comparison with traditional training methods. Methods: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted with 22 male youth players from U16-U17 squads (mean age = 16.77 +/- 0.42 years), who were assigned to either a VR group (n = 11) or a control group (n = 11). The VR group completed 3 weekly sessions using the SensiballVR (TM) platform for a duration of 7 weeks, in addition to their regular training. Scanning frequency (before ball reception, during control, and off-the-ball) and passing performance (by execution type, outcome, and pass style) were assessed via video analysis in small-sided games pre- and post-intervention. Results: Between-group analysis revealed that the VR group achieved significantly greater improvements across all scanning domains compared to the control group, with mean-based percentage increases (calculated as the average of individual relative changes) ranging from + 198% to + 456%, rising from group mean values of 18 to 43 scans before ball reception, 20 to 43 during ball control, and 257 to 714 off the ball, versus - 12% to + 37% in controls (p < 0.01; ES = 0.58-0.83). Within-group analysis confirmed that scanning frequency increased significantly from pre- to post-test in the VR group (p = 0.003, ES = 0.89), whereas only off-the-ball scanning improved in the control group (p = 0.008, ES = 0.81). In passing performance, the VR group improved significantly in one-touch short-successful passes (+ 38%, p = 0.006, ES = 0.83), whereas the control group showed no meaningful change (+ 28%, p = 0.247, ES = 0.35). Although the VR group initially showed higher performance in control-pass short-successful passes (p = 0.038; ES = 0.44), this difference did not remain significant after false discovery rate correction (q = 0.199). Under the same condition, penetrative passes also improved significantly within the VR group (+ 108%, p = 0.029, ES = 0.66). No significant effects were observed for multi-touch passes (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Preliminary evidence suggests that immersive VR-based training can meaningfully enhance scanning behavior in youth football players, while potential benefits for passing outcomes remain exploratory. These findings highlight VR technology as a promising complementary tool in modern football development frameworks for improving perceptual-cognitive skills and decision-making.Öğe Evaluation of Willis Polygon Morphometry with Cranial Tomographic Angiography(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2023) Ciftci, Rukiye; Cetin, Aymelek; Ulubaba, Hilal Er; Senol, Deniz; Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Ozbag, DavutAIM: To examine the morphometric properties of the vessels forming the Willis polygon (WP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HT) and compare them with healthy individuals.MATERIAL and METHODS: Cranial Tomography Angiography (CTA) of 168 individuals were analyzed retrospectively. The individuals included in the study were divided into four groups according to the diagnosis. Group 1 included 40 individuals who were diagnosed with HT, Group 2 included 43 individuals who were diagnosed with DM, Group 3 included 42 individuals who were diagnosed with DM and HT, and Group 4 was the control group and included 43 individuals. The diameter and length measurements of the vesselsRESULTS: According to the results of the Kruskal Wallis H test, in female patients statistically significant differences were detected in the diameter measurements of the right and left A1 segment of the ACA, the diameter measurement of the left A2 segment, the diameter measurements of the right and left P1 and P2 segments of the ACP, the diameter measurements of the right and left AComP. (p<0.05), in male patients statistically significant differences were found in the diameter of the right A1 segment of the ACA, the diameter and segment length measurements of the right and left P1 segments of the ACP, of the right and left P2 diameter measurements, and segment length measurements of the left AComP (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: We also found that the vessel diameters were similar in the HT, DM and HT+DM groups, and smaller than the control group. In addition, we think that knowing WP morphometric measurements will both guide the radio-anatomical evaluations to be made and increase the level of microanatomical knowledge in surgical treatment.Öğe Investigation of Kidney Morphology and Somatotype Components in Early-Stage Kidney Patients(Kare Publ, 2023) Ulubaba, Hilal Er; Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Ciftci, Rukiye; Ulutas, OzkanObjectives: The aim of this study is to examine the kidney morphology and somatotype components of adult patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: The sample consisted of 46 individuals with early-stage CKD (26 men and 20 women, mean age=45.92 +/- 16.53 years). The pathological subjects were compared with a control group consisting of 46 healthy subjects (28 men and 18 women, mean age=41.96 +/- 11.48 years). The Heath-Carter method was used to determine somatotype components. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) of patients with Stage 2 CKD and healthy volunteers taken within the past 3 months was scanned to determine kidney morphology. Kidney measurements were performed on CTs (length, width, depth, and volume of kidney). Results: Kidney patients (mean somatotype: 6.33-5.37-0.6) were less ectomorphic and more endomorphic than the controls (mean somatotype: 4.35-4.40-3.02). Moderate effect size (ES) was found in endomorphy (ES=0.87; p=0.035) and ectomorphy (ES=1.08; p=0.012) between groups. No significant difference was observed in the kidney morphology (ES=0.04-0.19; p>0.05). Conclusion: In the early-stage CKD, kidney morphology may not be the distinguishing factor. On the other hand, patients differed significantly in terms of endomorph components. Being overweight can also be one of the negative findings for kidney disease. Somatotype classification could be a suitable tool for monitoring kidney disease.Öğe Maximal strength, sprint and jump performance in elite kumite karatekas(Bmc, 2025) Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Aydogdu, Onur; Aydin, Yalcin; Tokgoz, Gurkan; Kahraman, Abdulselam; Beykumul, Ayseguel; Aygoren, CanerBackground Both maximal muscle strength and muscle power are independently important for karatekas. However, the relationship between strength and power in elite male kumite karatekas is under researched. This study aimed to determine the relationship between back-leg-chest (BLC) isometric muscle strength with sprint and jump variables in elite male karatekas. Methods Male elite/international level (tier 4) kumite karatekas (n = 14; age, 20.79 +/- 1.67 year; height, 1.77 +/- 0.06 m; weight, 72.21 +/- 5.20 kg) were recruited. BLC strength, sprint and jump values were measured with a dynamometer, a photocell, and an application, respectively. Pearson correlation (trivial r < 0.1; small r < 0.3; moderate r < 0.5; large r < 0.7; very large r < 0.9; nearly perfect/perfect r >= 0.9) and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship and shared variance between BLC strength, sprint, and jump performance. Results There were large to very large correlations between BLC strength and sprint time (r = - 0.930, p < 0.01), velocity (r = 0.918; p < 0.01), acceleration (r = 0.913; p < 0.01) and running momentum (r = 0.721; p < 0.01). Additionally, BLC strength correlated with jump height (moderate, r = 0.550, p < 0.05), peak anaerobic power (moderate, r = 0.672, p < 0.01) and power to body mass ratio (moderate, r = 0.545, p < 0.05). BLC strength and sprint variables showed an r(2) = 0.52-0.86 (p < 0.01), while BLC strength and jump variables showed an r(2) = 0.29-0.45 (p < 0.05). Conclusions BLC strength is related to jump and sprint performance in male elite karate athletes. This relationship underscores the importance of including strength training that targets BLC muscle strength in training programs for coaches and athletes.Öğe Neuromuscular activation following anti-movement and dynamic core training: a randomized controlled comparative study(Springer, 2025) Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Kafkas, Muhammed EminBackground This study investigated the effects of anti-movement and dynamic core training on neuromuscular activation in trained men using surface electromyography (sEMG). Methods Thirty-six participants were randomized into the anti-movement (AMG), traditional dynamic (TDG), or control (CG) groups in a controlled study. Training groups performed core exercises twice weekly for 6 weeks, with standardized time under tension (AMG: 30-s isometric holds; TDG: 30 s with 12 repetitions). Anterior and posterior trunk muscle activation was measured using sEMG during isometric endurance tests pre- and post-intervention. Results Significant time and interaction effects were observed for lumbar erector spinae (LES) activation (F = 3.784, p = 0.029), with AMG (p = 0.016) and TDG (p = 0.004) outperforming CG. A significant enhancement in external oblique (EO; eta(2) = 0.17, p = 0.023) and internal oblique (IO; eta(2) = 0.30, p = 0.003) activation was observed in the AMG compared to the CG. Both training groups improved LES (eta(2) = 0.37, p = 0.001) and multifidus (eta(2) = 0.19, p = 0.016) activation (p < 0.017). Within-group analysis showed significant pre-to-post improvements across all muscles (p < 0.05, effect size r = 0.48-0.63). Greater reductions in muscle activation (22.17%-53%) were demonstrated by the AMG compared to the TDG (16.18%-28.82%), suggesting improved neuromuscular efficiency. Conclusion Anti-movement core training effectively enhances trunk muscle neuromuscular activation and efficiency, providing a robust alternative to traditional protocols.Öğe Relationship between quadriceps muscle architecture and lower limb strength and physical function in older adults community-dwelling individuals: a cross-sectional study(Frontiers Media Sa, 2024) Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Ulubaba, Hilal Er; Ucar, Ozan; Kilinc, Deniz Can; Ciftci, Rukiye; Karayigit, Raci; Aldhahi, Monira, IBackground and objective: Factors related to muscle architecture may lead to functional limitations in activities of daily living in the older adults. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between quadriceps femoris (QF) architecture and physical function in older adults community-dwelling people. Methods: The study included 25 community-dwelling older adults participants aged over 60 years (14 women and 11 men) who were not engaged in regular physical activity. The rectus femoris (RF) and vastus intermedius (VI) muscle thicknesses as well as the RF cross-sectional area (CSA) were assessed using 2D ultrasonography. The 30 Seconds Chair Stand test (30sCST) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) were used to assess lower body muscle power and functional mobility, respectively. Results: The QF muscle architecture showed moderate and large correlations with the 30sCST (r range = 0.45-0.67, p < 0.05) and TUG (r range = 0.480-0.60, p < 0.05). RF thickness was a significant (p < 0.01) independent predictor of 30sCST (R-2 = 0.45) and TUG (R-2 = 0.36). VI thickness was a significant (p < 0.05) independent predictor of 30sCST (R-2 = 0.20) and TUG (R-2 = 0.231). RF CSA was a significant independent predictor of the 30sCST (R-2 = 0.250, p < 0.05) and TUG (R-2 = 0.27, p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression models explained 38% of the 30sCST variance and 30% of the TUG variance in the older adults group. Conclusion: Quadriceps muscle group directly affects basic activities of daily living in the older adults. Ultrasound measurements, which are non-invasive tools, are extremely valuable for understanding the limitations of activities of daily living in the older adults.Öğe Relationship between Unilateral Leg Extension Strength and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Young Men(Mdpi, 2022) Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Adanur, Oguzhan; Esen, Ozcan; Barasinska, Magdalena; Cepicka, Ladislav; Gabrys, Tomasz; Karayigit, RaciIt is well known that the quadriceps muscle group is involved in activity during dynamic balance and that dynamic balance tests are an important feedback tool for predicting lower limb injuries. However, the relationship between maximum leg extension strength and performance in the Y Balance Test is not fully known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between unilateral leg extension strength and dynamic balance in healthy young men. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study. A total of 33 healthy men (mean age +/- standard deviation = 21.21 +/- 1.24 years) volunteered for this study. The participants' dynamic balance was determined with the Y Balance Test and unilateral one repetition maximum strength was determined by the leg extension machine. The same side was preferred for strength and dynamic balance measurements. Normalized reach, composite score, and absolute and relative strength values were analyzed for correlations. Linear regression analysis was used to determine whether strength values predicted the results of the Y Balance Test. There was a positive linear correlation between the strength values and normalized reach distances and composite scores (r ranges from 0.466 to 0.757; p < 0.01). The coefficients of determination showed that dynamic balance and strength (absolute and relative) performance are not independent parameters in healthy young men (r(2) = 21-57% explained variance). It was also found that strength values (absolute and relative) can predict balance. Our study confirmed the relationship between strength and dynamic balance. It can be said that especially the strength of the lower extremity has an acceptable effect on dynamic balance.Öğe RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LEG MUSCLE FIBER TYPE(Univ Zagreb, Fac Kinesiology, 2017) Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Kafkas, Armagan; Kafkas, Muhammed Emin[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Somatotype Characteristics of Patients with Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease and its Relationships with Physical Activity and Depression(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2022) Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Ciftci, Rukiye; Cinarli, Sena; Ulutas, OzkanSomatotype characters have been defined for many diseases. However, there is insufficient infonnation on the somatotype characters of chronic kidney patients. The first aim of our study was to define the specific somatotype in patients diagnosed with CKD. The second aim was to investigate the relationship between somatotype characters and physical activity and depression in CKD patients. A total of 88 (52.7 %) patients diagnosed with CKD between January and December 2021 at the Department of Nephrology, Inonu University Hospital (Malatya, Turkey) and 79 (47.3 %) healthy volunteers were included in the study. Somatotype analysis was performed using the Heath-Carter method. Physical activity was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Analysis revealed that patients had greater medial calf girth (p = 0.036), higher triceps (p = 0.007) and suprailiac (p = 0.042) skinfold thicknesses and higher body mass index (p = 0.007) compared to controls. Patients also had significantly higher endomorphy (patients: 6.57 +/- 1.35 vs. controls: 6.04 +/- 1.3; effect size (ES): 0.40, p=0.010) and significantly higher mesomorphy (patients: 7.44 +/- 2 vs. controls: 6.85 +/- 2.3; ES: 0.27, p=0.039) as well as significantly lower ectomorphy (patients: 0.71 +/- 0.69 vs. controls: 1.10 +/- 0.93; ES: 0.47, p=0.006). Significant positive correlations were also observed between mesomorphy and IPAQ (rho = 0.219, p = 0.04), endomorphy and BDI (rho = 0.423, p < 0.001) and mesomorphy and BDI (rho = 0.392, p > 0.001). Significant negative correlations were observed between ectomorph and BDI (rho = -0.325, p = 0.002). We observed that the dominant somatotype was endomorphic mesomorph in patients with CKD. In addition, the fact that CKD patients with ectomorphic body structure have lower depressive symptoms could have an impact on their well-being.Öğe The Association Between Heart Rate and Shooting Accuracy in Young Football Players(Montenegrin Sports Academy, 2025) Yasar, Merve Nur; Cilli, Murat; Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Sakabas, Samet; Guvenkaya, Murat; Oztoprak, UsameThis study aimed to examine the accuracy of shots taken at various heart rate (HR) percentages resulting from increasing workload. Twenty-one male football players (age: 21.7 years) in amateur teams participated in the study. Athletes were asked to shoot at the center of the prepared target ten meters away before the test and at each level of the progressively increasing intensity exercise protocol (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1)). At the end of each level, the distance of the shots to the center of the target and the areas of contact with the target was determined. During the test, HR was monitored and percentages of maximum HR (%HRmax) at each level were determined. The distance to the target and contact zones of the shots were compared depending on different percentages of %HRmax. It was observed that the increased HR due to the increased workload negatively affected the accuracy of the shots. In particular, the accuracy rate decreased significantly after 80% of the maximum HR compared with the resting HR (47-82%). Additionally, it was observed that the percentage of balls directed to the upper right corner increased as HR rose, with no shots targeting the center after the third level of Yo-Yo IR1 (%HRmax=~80%). Therefore, it can be concluded that a high HR impairs football accuracy. Consequently, football players should engage in workouts that enhance their ability to perform at a high HR, and coaches should design training programs in this vein. © 2025 Montenegrin Sports Academy. All rights reserved.
