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Öğe Cytotoxic effects of orthodontic composites(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2010) Malkoc, Siddik; Corekci, Bayram; Ulker, Hayriye Esra; Yalcin, Muhammet; Sengun, AbdulkadirObjectives: To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of five different light-cured orthodontic bonding composites. Materials and Methods: The orthodontic composites Heliosit Orthodontic (Ivoclar), Transbond XT (3M Unitek), Bisco ORTHO (Bisco), Light Bond (Reliance), and Quick Cure (Reliance) were prepared, and the samples were extracted in 3 mL of BME (Basal Medium Eagle) with 10% newborn calf serum for 24 hours. The L929 cells were plated (25,000 cells/mL) in a 96-well dish and maintained in a humidified incubator for 24 hours at 37 degrees C, 5% CO(2), and 95% air. After 24 hours of incubation of the cells, the incubation medium was replaced by the immersed medium in which the samples were stored. Then, L929 cells were incubated in contact with eluates for 24 hours. The cell mitochondrial activity was evaluated by the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) test. Twelve wells were used for each specimen, and the MTT tests were applied two times. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests. Results: Results with L929 fibroblasts demonstrated that except for Transbond XT, freshly prepared composite materials did not reduce vital cell numbers (P>.05) compared with the control group. Our data demonstrate that Transbond XT showed significant cytotoxicity compared with the control group. Conclusion: Results indicate that tested orthodontic bonding composites are suitable for clinical application, but that further studies using different test methods are needed for Transbond XT. (Angle Orthod. 2010;80:759-764.)Öğe Cytotoxic effects of resin-modified orthodontic band adhesives Are they safe?(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2010) Malkoc, Siddik; Corekci, Bayram; Botsali, Hayriye Esra; Yalcin, Muhammet; Sengun, AbduelkadirObjective: To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of three different resin-modified orthodontic band adhesives. Materials and Methods: Three resin-modified orthodontic band adhesives (Bisco Ortho Band Paste LC (TM), Multi-Cure Glass lonomer Band Cement (TM), and Transbond Plus Light Cure Band Adhesive (TM)) were prepared and the samples were extracted in 3 mL of Basal Medium Eagle with 10% newborn calf serum for 24 hours. The L929 cells were plated (25,000 cells/mL) in wells of 96-well dishes and maintained in a humidified incubator for 24 hours at 37 degrees C, 5% CO(2), and 95% air. After 24-hour incubation of the cells, the incubation medium was replaced by the immersed medium in which the samples were stored. Then L929 cells were incubated in contact with eluates for 24 hours. The cell mitochondrial activity was evaluated by the methyltetrazolium test. Twelve wells were used for each specimen, and methyltetrazolium tests were applied two times. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey Honestly Significantly Different tests. Results: Results with L929 fibroblasts demonstrated that all freshly prepared resin-modified orthodontic band adhesive materials reduced vital cell numbers (P > .05), in comparison to the control group. Our data demonstrate that all materials showed significant cytotoxicity compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results indicate that all materials showed significant cytotoxicity compared to the control group, and further studies using different test methods are needed for all resin-modified orthodontic band adhesives. (Angle Orthod. 2010;80:890-895.)Öğe Effects of contemporary orthodontic composites on tooth color following short-term fixed orthodontic treatment: a controlled clinical study(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2015) Corekci, Bayram; Toy, Ebubekir; Ozturk, Firat; Malkoc, Siddik; Ozturk, BoraBackground/aim: To determine the color alterations of natural teeth associated with different orthodontic composites used in comprehensive short-term treatment. Materials and methods: Twenty-two patients were treated with fixed appliances and 22 untreated subjects were also evaluated. Lower incisors were bonded with different orthodontic composites: 42 with Grengloo, 41 with Light Bond, 31 with Kurasper F, and 32 with Transbond XT. The color parameters of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) were measured for each tooth with a spectrophotometer. Color assessment in relation to time, adhesive material, and their interaction was made with 2-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 1-way ANOVA for the color differences (Delta E*). Further analyses were done using Tukey's honestly significant difference tests and paired-samples t-tests. Results: The color of teeth was affected by treatment. The mean L* and a* values increased, whereas the mean b* values decreased. Total color differences of teeth demonstrated visible color changes clinically after treatment, ranging from 1.12 to 3.34 Delta E units. However, there were no significant differences for color of enamel. Conclusion: Teeth may be discolored with fixed appliances during treatment. Moreover, contemporary orthodontic composites have similar effects of enamel discoloration.Öğe Effects of staining solutions on the discoloration of orthodontic adhesives: An in-vitro study(Mosby-Elsevier, 2010) Corekci, Bayram; Irgin, Celal; Malkoc, Siddik; Ozturk, BoraIntroduction: Our aim was to evaluate the effects of staining solutions on the discoloration of orthodontic adhesives. Methods: Six orthodontic adhesives were investigated (Transbond XT [3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif, USA], Heliosit Orthodontic [Ivoclar Vivadent, Liectenstein], Light Bond [Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA], Bisco Ortho [Bisco, Schamburg, IL, USA], Quick Cure [Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA], and Filtek Supreme XT [3M ESPE, St Paul, Minn, USA]), and 5 beverages (tea, cola, coffee, red wine, and yogurt). Sixty specimens were prepared. Five specimens from each group were stored in each of the 5 staining solutions. The 5 remaining specimens from each group served as the controls and were stored in distilled water. The specimens were immersed in staining solutions and water at 37 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C for 5 days. The test period was 25 days. Before and after the test period, color measurements were carried out with a spectrophotometer, and color changes (Delta E*) were calculated. Statistical differences were evaluated by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD tests. Results: Adhesive materials, staining agents, and their interactions were found to play statistically significant roles (P <0.001) in color changes. Among the adhesive materials, the Light Bond water control group consistently showed the lowest Delta E* value for all materials, and the Filtek Supreme XT group showed the highest Delta E* value for all materials. After the in-vitro experimental process for staining solutions and water, unsatisfactory color stability was observed for the conventional adhesive systems except for Light Bond, Transbond XT, and Bisco Ortho water control group (Delta E* >3.7), respectively. Conclusions: In esthetically critical areas, discoloration of adhesive materials for fixed orthodontics can cause patient dissatisfaction. Orthodontic composites will discolor from staining beverages during their lifespan. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:741-6)Öğe Effects of Time Delay on Degree of Conversion of Contemporary Orthodontic Band Adhesives(Aves Press Ltd, 2013) Corekci, Bayram; Toy, Ebubekir; Malkoc, Siddik; Ozturk, Bora; Gunduz, S. BenizObjective: For prolonged use in the oral cavity, orthodontic band adhesives should have certain physical properties to ensure the best clinical performance. The degree of conversion (DC) of orthodontic band adhesives has been found to affect their mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of time delay on the DC of orthodontic band adhesives. Materials and Methods: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the DC of 3 adhesives (Bisco Ortho Band Paste LC, Multi Cure Glass Ionomer Band Cement, Transbond Plus Light Cure Band Adhesive) immediately after they had been polymerized and stored in artificial saliva at 37 +/- 1 degrees C for 30 days. Thirty disc-shaped specimens (10 for each adhesive) were fabricated in Teflon molds (6.0 x 1.0 mm). The samples for each adhesive were divided further into 2 groups (n=5). Results: The DC was significantly influenced by the band adhesive type (p < 0.05), and there were significant differences among band adhesive types for the DC after 30 days. Conclusion: The value of the DC could change with time delay.Öğe Physical properties of different orthodontic cements(Urban & Vogel, 2015) Aksakalli, Sertac; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Corekci, Bayram; Malkoc, Siddik; Toy, EbubekirIntroduction. We evaluated the water absorption, solubility, and compressive strength of different cements and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs), namely AdhesorA (R), Ketac (TM) Cem, Ortho Band Paste LC (TM), Glass Ionomer Band Cement, and Transbond (TM) Plus. Our aims were to compare the mechanical and physical properties of the cements widely used in orthodontics and to define the most suitable cements in an oral environment in terms of those characteristics. Materials and methods. To assess compressive strength, the cements were subjected to compression tests done on a universal testing machine. To test water absorption and solubility, the weight changes in cement specimens were determined after immersion in distilled water for 1, 7, and 30 days. Results. Adhesor (R) and Ketac (TM) Cem presented significantly higher solubility values than other cements after water immersion for 1, 7, and 30 days (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Our results revealed that the traditional orthodontic cements have higher water solubility and water absorption values as well as lower compressive strength values than the RMGICs used in this study. Furthermore, Transbond (TM) Plus revealed the highest compressive strength, whereas AdhesorA (R) showed the lowest.Öğe Physical Properties of Different Orthodontic Composites(Aves Press Ltd, 2014) Ozturk, Firat; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Corekci, Bayram; Aksakalli, Sertac; Malkoc, SiddikObjective: The aim of this study was to compare the water sorption, solubility, and compressive strength of 3 traditional orthodontic composites and 1 flowable composite after 1, 7, and 30 days of immersion in water. Materials and Method: The traditional orthodontic composites used in this study were ORTHO Bracket Paste (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA), Transbond XT (3M, Monrovia, CA, USA), and Light Bond (Reliance, Itasca, IL, USA). The flowable composite used was Tetric EvoFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). The specimens were subjected to water sorption and solubility tests based on the ISO 4049 and ADA No. 8 requirements. Mechanical tests were performed with an Instron Universal Test Machine. Results: There were no significant differences in solubility among the 4 materials after 1 and 7 days (p > 0.05). Tetric EvoFlow had a lower compressive strength than the traditional orthodontic composites (p > 0.05) and exhibited significantly higher water sorption than the traditional orthodontic composites after immersing them in water for 1, 7, and 30 days (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results revealed that the flowable composite had higher solubility and water absorption but less compressive strength than the traditional orthodontic composite resins used in this study.Öğe Polymerization capacity of orthodontic composites analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(Mosby-Elsevier, 2011) Corekci, Bayram; Malkoc, Siddik; Ozturk, Bora; Gunduz, Beniz; Toy, EbubekirIntroduction: The aim of this in-vitro study was to analyze the polymerization capacity of 5 orthodontic composites by determining the degree of monomer conversion (DC). Methods: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the DC of the orthodontic composites immediately after polymerization and after storage in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C for 30 days. The resin-based adhesive composites investigated were Bisco Ortho (Bisco, Schaumburg, III), Heliosit Orthodontics (Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Kurasper F (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan), Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, III), and Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), cured with Elipar FreeLight 2 (3M ESPE, St Paul, Minn) for the testing of the DC values. Fifty cylindrical specimens were manufactured in molds. The data were analyzed by 2-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test. Results: According to 2-way ANOVA, the DC was significantly influenced by composite type (P < 0.05); after 30 days, there were no differences among the composite types for the DC. The interaction of orthodontic composites and time played a statistically significant role in the DC (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant influence of time for the DC (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The DC was found to change according to composite materials used, and Bisco Ortho showed the most DC performance. The DC of orthodontic composites is a complex process that is affected not only by inorganic filler content of the composite but also the monomer type and many other factors. Sufficient DC values of 5 commercially available orthodontic composites can be achieved with a new-generation light-emitting diode curing light. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:e299-e304)Öğe Real-time cell analysis of the cytotoxicity of orthodontic brackets on gingival fibroblasts(Sage Publications Ltd, 2014) Toy, Ebubekir; Malkoc, Siddik; Corekci, Bayram; Bozkurt, Buket S.; Hakki, Sema S.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of 6 different orthodontic bracket types on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) using the xCELLigence system. Methods: The orthodontic brackets used in this study were gold-plated steel (Apollo Gold), titanium (Rematitan), stainless steel (Equilibrium 2), lucid ice (Inspire ICE), metal-reinforced ceramic (Clarity) and composite (OrthoFlex). Gingival fibroblasts were isolated from human gingival connective tissue of systemically healthy individuals. Tested brackets were incubated in DMEM culture medium for 72 hours according to ISO 10993-5 standards. Gingival fibroblasts were maintained with Dulbecco modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The xCELLigence system was used to evaluate cell survival. The statistical analysis used was ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests. Results: When the data were evaluated in the 30th hour, Apollo Gold showed significant decreases in cell index (P<0.001). It also showed statistically significant decreases (P<0.001) in the 65th hour, but Clarity and Inspire ICE showed significant increases in cell indices (P<0.001, P<0.01). In the 114th hour, Clarity and Equilibrium 2 showed statistically significant increases in cell indices (P<0.001). Inspire ICE and Rematitan demonstrated significant increases (P<0.05). There were significant decreases in cell index of Apollo Gold (P<0.001). Conclusions: The tested brackets are suitable for clinical application, but further studies using different test methods are needed for gold-plated brackets.Öğe Real-time cell analysis of the cytotoxicity of orthodontic mini-implants on human gingival fibroblasts and mouse osteoblasts(Mosby-Elsevier, 2012) Malkoc, Siddik; Ozturk, Firat; Corekci, Bayram; Bozkurt, Buket S.; Hakki, Sema S.Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of orthodontic mini-implants on gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Methods: The orthodontic mini-implants used in this study were Orthodontic Mini Implant (Leone, Florence, Italy), MTN (MTN, Istanbul, Turkey), AbsoAnchor (Dentos, Daegu, South Korea), IMTEC Ortho (3M Unitek, IMTEC, Ardmore, Okla), VectorTAS (Ormco, Glendora, Calif). The materials were incubated in Dulbecco's modified eagle's culture medium for 72 hours according to ISO 10993-5 standards (surface area-to-volume ratio of the specimen to cell-culture medium, 3 cm(2)/mL). A real-time cell analyzer (xCELLigence, Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany; ACEA Biosciences, San Diego, Calif) was used to evaluate cell survival. After seeding 200 mu L of the cell suspensions into the wells of the E-plate 96, gingival fibroblasts were treated with bioactive components released by the metallic materials and monitored every 15 minutes for 190 hours. For the proliferation experiments, the statistical analyses used were 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons tests. Results: There was no significant differences between the human gingival fibroblast cell indexes of the control and study groups (P>0.05). When evaluated at 27 and 96 hours, only the VectorTAS mini-implants showed statistically significant decreases in the M3T3 cell index (P < 0.001) compared with the control group. No significant differences were found among the control and all study groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, the Leone and MTN mini-implants showed statistically significant decreases (P < 0.001) at 190 hours. Also, the VectorTAS mini-implants demonstrated a significant decline (P < 0.05) at the same time in the M3T3 cell index. Conclusions: These findings provide fundamental knowledge and new insights for future design and development of new biocompatible titanium alloys for orthodontic mini-implants and temporary anchorage devices. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;141:419-26)
