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    Ghrelin prevents the development of dermal fibrosis in bleomycin-induced scleroderma
    (Wiley, 2014) Koca, S. S.; Ozgen, M.; Sarikaya, M.; Dagli, F.; Ustundag, B.; Isik, A.
    BackgroundScleroderma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by widespread fibrosis of the skin and the internal organs. Ghrelin is a polypeptide hormone produced by various tissues and inflammatory cells. In experimental studies, ghrelin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in addition to its metabolic actions. AimTo evaluate the potential preventive effects of ghrelin on a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced scleroderma. MethodsThis study involved five groups of BALB/c mice (n=7 in each group). Mice in the control group received 100L/day of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) subcutaneously, while the other four groups were given 100g/day of BLM (dissolved in 100L PBS) subcutaneously. Three of the BLM-treated groups received intraperitoneal doses (10ng/kg/day) of acylated, nonacylated or total ghrelin. Animals were killed at the end of the fourth week, and blood and tissue samples were collected for further analysis. Dermal thickness, serum levels of transforming growth factor-1, numbers of inflammatory cells on the dermal layer and numbers of -smooth muscle actin-positive cells were determined. ResultsBLM increased dermal thickness, numbers of inflammatory cells on the dermal layer and activity of the myofibroblastic cells. Application of acylated, nonacylated and total ghrelin decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the activity of the myofibroblastic cells, and reduced dermal fibrosis. ConclusionsBased on these results, it appears that ghrelin has an antifibrotic action, in addition to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that have been documented previously. The pathogenic and therapeutic roles of ghrelin in scleroderma should be evaluated by further studies.
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    MITOCHONDRIAL DNA 4977 bp DELETION IN CHRONIC CERVICITIS AND CERVIX CANCERS
    (Macedonian Acad Sciences Arts, 2012) Kara, M.; Tatar, A.; Borekci, B.; Dagli, F.; Oztas, S.
    Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been implied in many diseases including cancer and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the 4977 bp deletion of the mtDNA and chronic cervicitis or cervix cancer in patients. The study included a group of patients with chronic cervicitis or cervix cancer, and a control group consisting of individuals without any cervical tissue disease. A total of 72 subjects in an East Turkish population were included in the study. Of these, 35 had chronic cervicitis, 21 had cervix cancer and 16 served as the control group. Isolation of mtDNA was performed from the tissues of these patients and then mtDNA deletions were studied using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the cancer groups, there were 9.5% heteroplasmic and homoplasmic deletions. There were no homoplasmic deletions in the cervicitis and control groups, but the frequencies of heteroplasmic deletions were 80.0 and 31.2%, respectively. Chronic inflammation leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be the cause of the high mtDNA 4977 bp deletion frequencies in cancer and cervicitis. The older age of the cancer patient may suggest that ageing in addition to long time exposure to ROS may lead to deletions and subsequently cancer. This is the first study to investigate the relationship of the mtDNA 4977 bp deletion to chronic cervicitis and cervix cancer.