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Öğe İmidazol Halkası Taşıyan Yeni Oksim Eter Bileşiklerinin Sentez, Biyolojik Aktivite Ve Moleküler Modelleme Çalışmaları(2019) Dalkara, Sevim; Tarhan, Selma Saraç; Özdemir, Zeynep; Kart, Didem; Karakurt, ArzuEnfeksiyon hastalıkları, dünya genelinde ciddi bir sağlık sorunudur ve insan morbiditesi ve mortalitesinin ana nedenlerinden biridir. Mevcut ilaçların dar aktivite spektrumu, toksisitesi, zayıf farmakokinetik özellikleri ve ilaçlara karşı direnç gelişmesinden dolayı etkili antifungal ve antibakteriyel bileşikler geliştirmek için yoğun çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada azol grubu antifungal ilaçların yapısı esas alınarak tasarlanan bir seri yeni bileşik, 1-(4- triflorometilfenil)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-il)etanon oksim esterlerin antifungal ve antibakteriyel etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada 15 yeni bileşiğin sentezi yapılmış ve bileşiklerin yapıları spektral analiz verileriyle aydınlatılmıştır. Sentezlenen bileşiklerin antifungal aktiviteleri üç Candida türüne karşı incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda bileşikler Candida türlerine karşı etkili bulunmuştur. 15 yeni bileşiğin sentezi yapılıp, antifungal etkileri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre antifungal aktivitesi daha yüksek bileşikler tasarlanacaktır.Öğe New (arylalkyl)azole derivatives showing anticonvulsant effects could have VGSC and/or GABAAR affinity according to molecular modeling studies(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2016) Sari, Suat; Karakurt, Arzu; Uslu, Harun; Kaynak, F. Betul; Calis, Unsal; Dalkara, Sevim(Arylalkyl)azoles (AAAs) emerged as a novel class of antiepileptic agents with the invention of nafimidone and denzimol. Several AAA derivatives with potent anticonvulsant activities have been reported so far, however neurotoxicity was usually an issue. We prepared a set of ester derivatives of 1-(2-naphthyl)2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yeethanone oxime and evaluated their anticonvulsant and neurotoxic effects in mice. Most of our compounds were protective against maximal electroshock (MES)- and/or subcutaneous metrazol (s.c. MET)-induced seizures whereas none of them showed neurotoxicity. Nafimidone and denzimol have an activity profile similar to that of phenytoin or carbamazepine, both of which are known to inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) as well as to enhance gamma-aminobutiric acid (GABA)-mediated response. In order to get insights into the effects of our compounds on VGSCs and A type GABA receptors (GABA(A)Rs) we performed docking studies using homology model of Na+ channel inner pore and GABA(A)R as docking scaffolds. We found that our compounds bind VGSCs in similar ways as phenytoin, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine. They showed strong affinity to benzodiazepine (BZD) binding site and their binding interactions were mainly complied with the experimental data and the reported BZD binding model. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Öğe New Anti-Seizure (Arylalkyl)azole Derivatives: Synthesis, In Vivo and In Silico Studies(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2017) Sari, Suat; Dalkara, Sevim; Kaynak, Filiz Betul; Reynisson, Johannes; Sarac, Selma; Karakurt, Arzu(Arylalkyl)azoles are a class of antiepileptic compounds including nafimidone, denzimol, and loreclezole (LRZ). Nafimidone and denzimol are thought to inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and enhance -aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated response. LRZ, a positive allosteric modulator of A-type GABA receptors (GABA(A)Rs), was reported to be sensitive to Asn265 of the 2/3 subunit. Here, we report new N-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethylidene]hydroxylamine esters showing anticonvulsant activity in animal models, including the 6-Hz psychomotor seizure test, a model for therapy-resistant partial seizure. We performed molecular docking studies for our active compounds using GABA(A)R and VGSC homology models. They predicted high affinity to the benzodiazepine binding site of GABA(A)R in line with the experimental results. Also, the binding mode and interactions of LRZ in its putative allosteric binding site of GABA(A)R is elucidated.Öğe New arylalkyl azole derivatives showing anticonvulsant effects could have VGSC and or GABAAR affinity according to molecular modeling studies(European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2016) Sarı, Suat; Karakurt, Arzu; Uslu, Harun; Kaynak, Filiz Betül; Çalış, Ünsal; Dalkara, Sevim(Arylalkyl)azoles (AAAs) emerged as a novel class of antiepileptic agents with the invention of nafimidone and denzimol. Several AAA derivatives with potent anticonvulsant activities have been reported so far, however neurotoxicity was usually an issue. We prepared a set of ester derivatives of 1-(2-naphthyl)- 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime and evaluated their anticonvulsant and neurotoxic effects in mice. Most of our compounds were protective against maximal electroshock (MES)- and/or subcutaneous metrazol (s.c. MET)-induced seizures whereas none of them showed neurotoxicity. Nafimidone and denzimol have an activity profile similar to that of phenytoin or carbamazepine, both of which are known to inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) as well as to enhance g-aminobutiric acid (GABA)-mediated response. In order to get insights into the effects of our compounds on VGSCs and Atype GABA receptors (GABAARs) we performed docking studies using homology model of Naþ channel inner pore and GABAAR as docking scaffolds. We found that our compounds bind VGSCs in similar ways as phenytoin, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine. They showed strong affinity to benzodiazepine (BZD) binding site and their binding interactions were mainly complied with the experimental data and the reported BZD binding model.Öğe Recent Progress in Anticonvulsant Drug Research: Strategies for Anticonvulsant Drug Development and Applications of Antiepileptic Drugs for Non-Epileptic Central Nervous System Disorders(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2012) Dalkara, Sevim; Karakurt, ArzuMajor advances in antiepileptic drug therapy have taken place since 1950s. In the first period, several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, ethosuximide, carbamazepine, benzodiazepines and valproic acid were introduced to epilepsy treatment. After 1990 many new generation drugs (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentine, pregabaline, felbamate, lacosamide, levetiracetam etc.) have been developed. These novel AEDs have offered some advantages such as fewer side effects, fewer drug-drug interactions, and better pharmacokinetic properties. But pharmacoresistance and therapeutic failure in 20-25% of the patients remain the main reasons to continue efforts to find safer and more efficacious drugs and ultimate a treatment for this devastating disease. Several AEDs especially novel compounds have been found to be effective also in the treatment of several other neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Chemical diversity of the newer antiepileptic drugs as well as those currently in clinical development is another point that encourages medicinal chemists to study this subject. This review summarizes recent studies on the development of potential anticonvulsant compounds in different chemical structures, their structure-activity relationships and also therapeutic usages of AEDs other than epilepsy.Öğe SYNTHESIS OF SOME 1-(2-NAPHTHYL)-2-(PYRAZOL-1-YL)ETHANONE OXIME ETHER DERIVATIVES AND THEIR ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITIES(Elsevier Science Bv, 2009) Bulut, Zeynep; Karakurt, Arzu; Calis, Unsal; Dalkara, Sevim[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Synthesis of some novel 1-(2-naphthyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime ester derivatives and evaluation of their anticonvulsant activity(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2012) Karakurt, Arzu; Alagoz, Mehmet A.; Sayoglu, Burcu; Calis, Unsal; Dalkara, SevimTwenty-three new oxime ester derivatives of nafimidone were synthesized with the prospect of potential anticonvulsant activities. MES and ScM tests were employed for their anticonvulsant activities and rotorod test for neurological deficits. Eighteen compounds were found to be protective against MES seizures. Alkyl (1-8) and arylalkyl (9,10) oxime ester derivatives were found to be more active than aryl oxime ester derivatives (11-23). Five compounds (2, 3, 7, 9, 10), which were protective at 0.5 h at the doses of 30 mg/kg and higher in MES test, showed the highest activity. Compound 17 was the most active one in ScM test at all dose levels at 4 h. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Öğe Synthesis, anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities of some new 2-acetylnaphthalene derivatives(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2010) Karakurt, Arzu; Ozalp, Meral; Isik, Samil; Stables, James P.; Dalkara, SevimIn this study, as a continuation of our research for new (arylalkyl) imidazole anticonvulsant compounds, the design, synthesis and anticonvulsant/antimicrobial activity evaluation of a series of 2-acetylnaphthalene derivatives have been described. Molecular design of the compounds has been based on the modification of nafimidone [1-(2-naphthyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanone], which is a representative of the (arylalkyl) imidazole anticonvulsant compounds as well as its active metabolite, nafimidone alcohol (3, 4). In general, these compounds were variously substituted at the alkyl chain between naphthalene and imidazole rings and subjected to some other modifications to evaluate additional structure-activity relationships. The anticonvulsant activity profile of those compounds was determined by maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous metrazol (scM) seizure tests, whereas their neurotoxicity was examined using rotarod test. All the ester derivatives of nafimidone alcohol (5a-h), which were designed as prodrugs, showed anticonvulsant activity against MES-induced seizure model. Four of the most active compounds were chosen for further anticonvulsant evaluations. Quantification of anticonvulsant protection was calculated via the ip route (ED(50) and TD(50)) for the most active candidate (5d). Observed protection in the MES model was 38.46 mg kg (1) and 123.83 mg kg (1) in mice and 20.44 mg kg (1), 56.36 mg kg (1) in rats, respectively. Most of the compounds with imidazole ring also showed antibacterial and/ or antifungal activities to a certain extent in addition to their anticonvulsant activity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Synthesis, Anticonvulsant and Antimicrobial Activities of Some New [1-(2-Naphthyl)-2-(pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone]oxime Ethers(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2015) Ozdemir, Zeynep; Karakurt, Arzu; Calis, Unsal; Gunal, Selami; Isik, Samil; Sahin, Z. Sibel; Dalkara, SevimIn this study, 12 new oxime ether derivatives, which were expected to show anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities, were synthesized. Oxime ether derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of various alkyl halides with 1-(2-naphthyl)- 2-(pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime. Anticonvulsant activity of the compounds was determined by maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous metrazol (ScM) seizure tests, while neurological disorders were evaluated using rotorod toxicity test according to the ASP of NIH. Compound 1, 6 and 7 showed anticonvulsant activity at 300 mg/kg dose at 4 h, but compounds 1 and 7 showed toxicity at 300 mg/kg dose at half an hour. Antimicrobial activities of the compounds were also determined using agar microdilution method. Compound 1 and 5 were found to have the highest antifungal activity among the other compounds.Öğe Synthesis, anticonvulsant screening, and molecular modeling studies of new arylalkylimidazole oxime ether derivatives(Wiley, 2019) Ozdemir, Zeynep; Sari, Suat; Karakurt, Arzu; Dalkara, SevimIn this study, 15 new oxime ether derivatives were synthesized and their anticonvulsant activities were screened in vivo. The compounds were synthesized by the reaction of various alkyl halides with 1-(2-naphthyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime. Their anticonvulsant activities were determined using acute (maximal electroshock, subcutaneous metrazol [SCM], and 6 Hz seizure test) and chronic (corneal-kindled mouse) seizure models, their neurotoxic effects were evaluated by models of behavioral toxicity according to the Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program protocol of the NIH. All our compounds were protective in at least one of the tests. Quantification studies were applied to some of the active compounds and the intraperitoneal ED50 values in mice were found between 25.48 and 99.56 mg/kg. Some pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds were predicted in silico and molecular docking studies were performed to provide insights into their possible anticonvulsant mechanism regarding their SCM activity.
