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    Evaluation of metal concentrations in hair and nails after dental implant placement
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2022) Sancar, Bahadir; Dayi, Ertunc
    Statement of problem. The accumulation of the elements contained in Ti6Al4V, the mostly used titanium alloy for dental implants, in epithelial extensions requires investigation. Studies evaluating the metals in dental implants in the hair and nails of patients with dental implants are lacking.Purpose. The purpose of this clinical research was to measure the levels of titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), and vanadium (V) in the hair and nails of patients treated with grade 5 Ti alloy dental implants.Material and methods. Ti, Al, and V elemental levels in the hair and nail samples of 33 participants treated with grade 5 Ti alloy dental implants were measured by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.Results. The results revealed a statistically significant increase in the amount of Ti in nail samples after implant surgery (P=.01), but no statistically significant increases in the amounts of Al or V in nail samples (P=.48, P=.645). In hair samples, the increase in Ti, Al, and V was not statistically significant (P=.728, P=.221, P=.376). The correlation between the amount of change in the elements in implants and the contact areas was weak for hair (Al, r=0.114; Ti, r=0.361; V, r=0.377) and for nails (Al, r=0.127; Ti, r=0.116; V, r=0.058).Conclusions. After the placement of dental implants made of grade 5 Ti alloy, minimal Al and V accumulated in hair and nails.
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    Evaluation of the pattern of fracture formation from trauma to the human mandible with finite element analysis. Part 1: Symphysis region
    (Wiley, 2023) Sancar, Bahadir; Cetiner, Yunus; Dayi, Ertunc
    Background/AimThe mandible is the largest, strongest bone in the maxillofacial region. When a fracture occurs in the mandible, its location depends on several factors: the direction of the trauma, the angle of the trauma, masticatory muscles and the quality of the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stresses caused by trauma to the symphysis region from different angles. Materials and MethodsComputer-based mandible models were created, and a 2000 N force was applied to the symphysis at three different angles using finite element analysis. Six trauma situations were simulated with the mouth open or closed. Forces were applied to the symphysis at 90 degrees (Model 1) in the anteroposterior direction, 45 degrees (Model 2) in the anteroposterior-inferosuperior direction and 90 degrees (Model 3) in the inferosuperior direction, when the mouth was open or closed. The resulting stress intensity was assessed using finite element analysis. ResultsAs a result of trauma applied to the symphysis region, maximum stresses were found where the impact originated and at the condyle region (Model 2, open mouth: condyle 1 [1172 MPa]). The open mouth position caused higher stress values than the closed mouth position (Model 2, open mouth: condyle 1 [1172 MPa]; closed mouth: symphysis 4 [82 MPa]). The Model 2, open-mouth state (Model 2, open mouth: condyle 1 [1172 MPa]) sustained higher stresses than all the other models. ConclusionThe stress values in the mandible were affected by the force applied to the symphysis region, the angle of impact arrival and the open or closed state of the mouth. Keeping the mouth closed at the time of trauma reduced the stress value. A closed mouth during trauma directed at the symphysis reduced the possibility of mandible fractures.
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    Evaluation of the pattern of fracture formation from trauma to the human mandible with finite element analysis. Part 2: The corpus and the angle regions
    (Wiley, 2023) Sancar, Bahadir; Cetiner, Yunus; Dayi, Ertunc
    Background/AimsAlthough the mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the facial skeleton, it is frequently broken. The fracture location in the mandible depends on the biomechanical features, direction and angle of the trauma, and masticatory muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the stresses caused by trauma to the corpus and angle regions from different angles. Materials and MethodsAfter computer-based mandible models were created using finite element analysis, a force of 2000 Newton(N) was simulated with the mouth open or closed to the corpus and the angle. To the corpus: at 90 degrees (Model 1) in the lateromedial direction, 45 degrees (Model 2) in the lateromedial-inferosuperior direction, and 90 degrees (Model 3) in the inferosuperior direction. To angle: 90 degrees (Model 4) in the lateromedial direction and 45 degrees (Model 5) in the lateromedial-inferosuperior direction. The resulting stress intensity was assessed using FEA. ResultsFollowing the simulated forces, the maximum stress in the mandible occurred in the condylar region, except in Model 3 (Left(L)Corpus2[36 megapascals(MPa)]) in the mouth-closed condition. After traumas in Model 1 (open-mouth: LCondyle2[547 MPa]) and Model 4 (closed-mouth: LCondyle2[607 MPa]), higher stress values occurred in the condyle. In the mouth open-closed state, there was no significant stress change in the condyle region in Model 1 (open-mouth: LCondyle2[547 MPa], closed-mouth:LCondyle2[546 MPa]) or in Model 2 (open mouth: Right(R)Condyle2[431 MPa], closed-mouth:LCondyle2[439 MPa]). In Model 3, lower stress values occurred in the closed-mouth rather than the open-mouth (LCondyle1[167 MPa]) state. In Models 4 and 5, the stress values increased in the mouth-closed condition compared with the mouth-open condition. ConclusionsStress in the mandible is affected by the location of the trauma and the angle of incidence of the blow. In trauma to both the corpus and the angle, the most common area to be fractured is the condyle.
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    Evaluation of the relationship of temporomandibular disorders and the morphology of the mandible
    (2021) Sancar, Bahadır; Arıkan, Büşra; Boylu, Omer Faruk; Duman, Şuayip Burak; Dayi, Ertunc
    Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are among the most common problems in the jaw, face, and ear zones. There are multiple factors in the etiology of TMD. It is considered that its morphology may play a role in the etiology of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder with condyle length, ramus length, condyle width, corpus length, gonial angle, and ramus/corpus ratio.The study was conducted on a total of 100 patients, 50 were symptomatic and 50 were asymptomatic, aged between 16 and 66 years. Symptomatic patients were selected among the patients who presented to our clinic for at least one of the complaints of crepitation, clicking, and pain in the temporomandibular zone on both sides (bilateral). The control group was selected among asymptomatic patients who did not have any complaints in the temporomandibular zone. We evaluated its relationship with TMD by measuring condyle length, condyle width, ramus length, corpus length, gonial angle, and ramus/corpus ratio on CBCT. In the total population, condyle length, ramus length, and condyle width were longer in favor of the control group. However, there was no difference between the ramus/corpus ratio and corpus length. The width of the condyle in female patients with TMD, and the length of the corpus in male patients with TMD were higher in favor of the control group. There is a relationship between TMD and mandible morphology. Knowing the effectiveness of the morphology of the mandible in TME disorders is important in terms of informing individuals with risky morphology beforehand.