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    An Analysis of the Sophists' Approach to the Social Contract in Ancient Greece: Key Elements and Contributions
    (Beytulhikme Felsefe Cevresi, 2023) Demir, Abdullah; Altuner, Ilyas
    Social contract theory has been the subject of extensive academic research aimed at understanding the principles that govern social and political interactions in a society. In this context, the Sophists in Ancient Greece played an important role in developing a social contract framework that defined the principles guiding individual behavior and social cohesion. By examining the contributions of famous Sophists such as Protagoras, Gorgias, Prodicus, Antiphon, Hippias and Isocrates to social life and the social contract from different points of view, this study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the Sophists' social contract in Ancient Greece. In this study, the concept of moral relativism put forward by the Sophists, which argues that moral values are subjective and differ between individuals and cultures, will be analyzed. By investigating the teachings of Protagoras and examining his famous statement Man is the measure of all things; the consequences of moral relativism within the framework of the social contract will be analyzed.
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    Effects of strontium ranelate on sutural bone formation: a histological and immunohistochemical study
    (Australian Soc Orthodontists Inc, 2016) Karatas, Orhan H.; Toy, Ebubekir; Demir, Abdullah; Toy, Hatice; Kozacioglu, Sumeyye
    Aim: Rapid maxillary expansion is performed to correct a skeletal transverse deficiency of the maxilla, which is a frequently encountered orthodontic anomaly. Strontium ranelate (SrR) is a novel agent that has a dual action, involving anti-resorptive and bone-forming effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemically applied SrR on osteoblastic bone formation after maxillary expansion on the mid-palatal suture of rats using histological and immunohistochemical tests. Materials and methods: A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two equal groups. In all animals, five-day inter-premaxillary expansion was applied and maintained for a seven-day retention period, during which 625mg/kg/day SrR diluted with saline solution was administered orally to the experimental group. The rats were sacrificed and the tissues prepared for histological and immunohistochemical examinations after the retention period. Results: Osteoblastic activity and the width of the blood vessels in the suture area were significantly increased in the SrR group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Ossification was also observed to be active under light microscopy by staining with hematoxylin and eosin in the experimental group. Immunohistochemical labelling performed using osteonectin, osteocalcin, TGF-beta and VEGF antibodies revealed significant immunoreactivity in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It may be concluded that SrR contributed to stimulatory osteogenesis in the expansion region. Therefore, a retention period may be shortened and relapse possibly reduced, following the application of SrR after the expansion.
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    Microcomputed tomography evaluation of white spot lesion remineralization with various procedures
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2016) Kucuk, Eyup Burak; Malkoc, Siddik; Demir, Abdullah
    Introduction: The aim of this study was to use microcomputed tomography to evaluate the effects on white spot lesions of 3 remineralizing agents compared with artificial saliva (Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey). The agents were GC Tooth Mousse (GC International, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan), 50-ppm sodium fluoride solution (Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey), and Clinpro 5000 (3M ESPE Dental Products (St Paul, Minn). The experimental and control teeth were stored in artificial saliva. Methods: Forty-four extracted premolars were divided into 4 groups of 11 teeth each (3 experimental groups and 1 control group). After white spot lesions were created on the teeth, a remineralizing agent was applied. Microcomputed tomography scanning was performed at the following times: T0 (sound enamel), T1 (day 0, when the white spot lesion was formed), T2 (day 15), and T3 (day 30). Volume, depth, surface area, and mineral density changes of the white spot lesions were evaluated at different time points using CTAn software (SkyScan; Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). Results: GC Tooth Mousse and Clinpro 5000 improved all measurements after 30 days. However, Clinpro 5000 was not as effective in reducing lesion depth as it was in the other parameters. The artificial saliva group and the 50-ppm sodium fluoride solution did not show significant effects in the regression of the white spot lesions at the end of the 30-day experiment. Conclusions: GC Tooth Mousse and Clinpro 5000 were more effective in remineralization of white spot lesions than sodium fluoride solution and artificial saliva. They can be preferred for use clinically. Microcomputed tomography is a novel and effective method that shows promise in accurately evaluating white spot lesions and remineralization.