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    Association Between Age-Related Cataract and Knee Osteoarthritis: a Comparative and Correlational Study Focusing on Disease Severity
    (Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, 2026) Demir, Ulku; Ocal, Halit; Senkoy, Emre
    Introduction: There are several common features between age-related cataract and knee osteoarthritis. Both disorders are associated with serum immunoglobulin E levels, connective tissue growth factor, and oxidative stress. Musculoskeletal disorders have been ide ntified as the most common comorbidities in patients with age-related cataract, with knee osteoarthritis being the most frequent. Therefore, the authors aimed to further investigate this association, considering the severity of these disorders. Materials and Methods: In this study, data from 350 knee joints and 350 eyes were analyzed. The severity of knee osteoarthritis was assessed radiographically using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system. The severity of cataracts was evaluated based on the degree of opacification, using the Lens Opacities Classification System III. Results: Cataract grades were significantly lower in KL grade 0 compared to other grades for cortical cataract and posterior subcapsular cataract. Additionally, cataract grades were significantly lower in KL grade 1 compared to grades 3 and 4 for posterior subcapsular cataract. There were significant positive correlations between knee osteoarthritis grades and the grades of nuclear cataract, cortical cataract, and posterior subcapsular cataract Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between age-related cataracts and knee osteoarthritis in terms of disease severity. Beyond their association with aging, these two conditions may share common pathophysiological features. This study may provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying age-related cataracts and knee osteoarthritis. © 2026, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.
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    Clinical profile and outcomes of pediatric uveitis: A retrospective analysis
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Demir, Ulku
    Uveitis is an inflammation of the anatomical layer, which consists of the iris, ciliary body and choroid. Pediatric uveitis is rare, but tends to be more severe and chronic than in adults. This study aims to evaluate the etiology, clinical features, treatment and complications in pediatric uveitis. In this study, the files of 55 pediatric patients (28 boys and 27 girls) under the age of 18 years who were followed up with the diagnosis of uveitis between January 2016 and November 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Each patient was evaluated in terms of age, gender, age at onset of uveitis, first vision, last vision, involved eye, follow-up period, etiology, localization, course, treatments, surgical interventions, and complications. The mean ages of boys and girls with uveitis included in the study were 15.1 +/- 2.7 and 15.0 +/- 2.9, respectively. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 3.9 +/- 2.8 (years). The mean age at onset of uveitis was 11.1 +/- 2.8 years in boys and 12.2 +/- 3.1 years in girls. Uveitis involvement in the right eye was 11 (20%), in the left eye 8 (14.5%) and bilateral involvement was 36 (65.5%). The most common etiological causes were idiopathic (52.7%) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (27.3%). The most common types of uveitis were anterior (54.5%) and chronic (74.5%), complications were cataract (36.4%) and posterior synechia (30.9%). At the last examination, best corrected visual acuity was <= 0.1 in 5 (9.1%) right and 3 (5.5%) left eyes, 0.1 to 0.5 in 2 (3.6%) right and 3 (5.5%) left eyes, and >= 0.5 in 48 (87.3%) right and 49 (89.1%) left eyes. The findings showed that 14.5% of patients received local steroid treatment and 85.5% of patients were administered systemic treatment. About 16.4% of patients underwent surgical treatment. In our study, bilateral, chronic and anterior uveitis involvement were observed most frequently. The most common underlying causes were idiopathic and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, complications were cataract and posterior synechiae. About 85.5% patients received systemic treatment and 16.4% patients' surgical treatment.
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    Evaluation of ocular findings in children with autism spectrum disorder: Observational study
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Demir, Ulku
    This study aims to emphasize the significance of ophthalmologic examination in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and evaluate the ophthalmologic findings and their frequency. We retrospectively analyzed the files of 40 boys and 20 girls aged 4 to 18. In cycloplegic spherical equivalents, -0.50 diopter (D) or more myopia, >=+2.0D hyperopia and >=+/- 1D astigmatism in cylindrical equivalents were accepted. Patients with >= 1D difference in spherical or cylindrical equivalents between the 2 eyes were considered anisometropic. Amblyopia was defined as a best-corrected visual acuity <= 0.8 with Snellen chart and a difference of at least 2 lines between both eyes. Children were grouped as myopia, hyperopia, myopia astigmatism, hyperopia astigmatism, mixed astigmatism, emmetrope and anisometropia according to refractive errors. Strabismus was classified as esotropia, exotropia and orthophoric. Forty (66.66%) of the patients with ASD were boys and 20 (33.33%) were girls. Emmetropia was found in 38.33%, myopia in 3.33%, hyperopia in 21.66%, myopia astigmatism in 16.66%, hyperopia astigmatism in 14.99%, mixed astigmatism in 1.66%, anisometropia in 6.66%, amblyopia in 6.66%, esotropia in 9.99%, exotropia in 11.66%, ptosis in 4.99%, and nystagmus in 1.66%. There was no statistically significant difference in the findings except hyperopia according to gender (P > .05). Hyperopia (P = .022) showed a statistically significant difference according to gender (P < .05). Children with ASD have significant ophthalmological abnormalities. Early diagnosis and treatment of refractive errors and other eye problems may contribute to these children's psychomotor and social development.
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    Evaluation of Ocular Findings in Pediatric Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2026) Demir, Ulku
    Purpose: Evaluation of the incidence and variability of ocular manifestations in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Methods: In this study, the files of 71 children aged 0-18 years with neurofibromatosis type 1 were retrospectively analyzed. Child age groups were categorized as 0-6, 7-12, and 13-18 years. In cycloplegic refractive examination, >=-0.50 Diopter (D) values in spherical equivalents were recorded as myopia, >=+2.0 D as hypermetropia, and >=+/- 1.0 D cylindrical values as astigmatism. Patients with a difference of >= 1 D in spherical or cylindrical equivalents between the 2 eyes were considered anisometropic. Amblyopia was defined as a best-corrected visual acuity <= 0.8 with Snellen chart and a difference of at least 2 lines between both eyes. The presence of 2 or more iris Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma) was considered positive. Results: Of the 71 patients whose ocular findings were evaluated, 32 (45.1%) were boys and 39 (54.9%) were girls. According to age and gender, myopia (P = .878), hypermetropia (P = .329), myopia astigmatism (P = .761), hypermetropia astigmatism (P = .457), mixed astigmatism, anisometropia (P = .836), amblyopia (P = .551), emmetropia (P = .234), optic glioma (P = .598), strabismus (P = .219), and ptosis (P = .099) showed no significant difference (P > .05). A statistically significant difference was observed in the Lisch nodule, one of the ocular examination findings, according to age and gender (P < .05). Conclusions: Pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1, with common ocular manifestations, should undergo a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving the clinical course of the disease and preserving vision.
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    The relation of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume with idiopathic acute anterior uveitis
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2024) Demir, Ulku
    Objective: In this study leukocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were retrospectively evaluated in patients with idiopathic acute anterior uveitis. Materials and methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed from March 2016 to February 2020. Fifty patients (25 men and 25 women) and as the control group, 50 healthy volunteers (25 males and 25 females) were included in this study. Blood samples of the patients were taken before starting treatment. A complete ophthalmological examination, including corrected visual acuity, tonometry, slit lamp and fundus examination, was performed in all patients. Gender, age, leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, MPV, PLR, and NLR values of the patients were recorded. Results: In this study, a statistically significant difference was found in leukocyte (p < .001), neutrophil (p < .001), platelet (p < .001), NLR (p < .001) and PLR (p < .001) values. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of lymphocyte count (p = .063) and in the MPV value (p = .051). Leukocyte, neutrophil, platelet count, NLR, and PLR values were higher in the uveitis group compared to the control group. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for NLR was 0.805, with a sensitivity of 56.0% and a specificity of 98.0%. The AUC for PLR was 0.657, with a sensitivity of 52.0% and a specificity of 98.0%. Conclusion: In this retrospective study, leukocyte, neutrophil, platelet count, PLR, and NLR levels were significantly higher in patients with idiopathic acute anterior uveitis compared to the control group. These blood parameters are useful as diagnostic markers and can be used in early diagnosis.