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Öğe Effects of Different Cover Crops on Soil Quality Parameters and Yield in an Apricot Orchard(Friends Science Publ, 2019) Demir, Zeynep; Tursun, Nihat; Isik, DoganCover crop treatments significantly increased yield in an apricot orchard according to the control. Effects of different cover crop treatments on some soil quality parameters and yield of a apricot orchard located in Turkey were investigated. For this purpose, Vicia villosa Roth. (VV), V. pannonica Crantz. (VP), a mixture of V. pannonica (70%) and Triticale (30%) (VPT) and Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. (PT) were grown as winter cover crops, and Fagopyrum esculentum was grown as summer cover crop in the apricot orchard with clay soil. The experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications including a plot mechanically cultivated (MC), herbicide treatment (HC) and bare control plot (BC). The soils were sampled from 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths in each plot for soil analyses. The cover crops enhanced soil quality parameters like organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N), electrical conductivity (EC), basal soil respiration (BSR), structural stability index (SSI), aggregate stability (AS), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), bulk density (BD), permanent wilting point (PWP), available water capacity (AWC) and field capacity (FC). The highest rises were in the treatment of the VV, diminishing the BD by 12.7% while raising the OM by 63.5%, Ks by 248.7%, AWC by 19.4% and SSI by 9.4% in the 0-20 cm soil depth. OM contents of cover crop treatments were ordered as; HC < BC < MC < PT < FE < VPT < VP < VV. The highest correlations among the soil parameters were obtained for the VV between OM and BD (-0.911**), BD and Ks (-0.906**), OM and Ks (0.989**). It was concluded based on current results that cover crops may be incorporated into cropping systems to improve soil quality. (C) 2019 Friends Science PublishersÖğe Kayısı Bahçelerinde Yabancı Otlara Karşı Herbisitlere Alternatif Mücadele Yöntemlerinden Alevleme ve Örtücü Bitkilerin Kullanım Olanaklarının Araştırılması(2017) Tursun, Nihat; Işık, Doğan; Arslan, Selçuk; Demir, Zeynep; Karlıdağ, HüseyinBu çalışmanın genel amacı, kayısı bahçelerinde alevleme ve örtücü bitkilerin yabancı ot mücadelesinde kullanım olanaklarını araştırmaktır. Araştırma 2014-2016 yılları arasında yapılmıştır. Örtücü bitkilerin toprağın fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik etkilerine olan etkileri tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre belirlenmiştir. Kışlık örtücü bitki olarak Vicia villosa Roth. (Tüylü fiğ), Vicia pannonica Crantz (Macar fiği), Macar fiği ve tritikale karışımı (% 70 Macar fiği % 30 tritikale) Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. (Arı otu); yazlık örtücü bitki olarak Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. (Karabuğday) kullanılmıştır. Örtücü bitkilerin yanı sıra yabancı otlu kontrol parseli, mekanik mücadele ve herbisitli mücadele parselleri olmak üzere 8 karakterli deneme deseni kurulmuştur. Yabancı otların yaş ve kuru ağırlıklarını azaltarak baskı altına alan en etkin yöntemlerin sırasıyla herbisit uygulaması, arı otu ve karabuğday olduğu bulunmuştur. Örtücü bitki uygulamaları toprak kalite indekslerini genellikle iyileştirmiştir. Organik madde, toplam azot, CO2 üretimi, elektriksel iletkenlik, tarla kapasitesi, agregat ve strüktür stabilite indeks değerleri kontrol uygulamasına göre önemli düzeyde artarken hacim ağırlığı, toprak reaksiyonu, değişebilir sodyum ve kalsiyum seviyelerinde genellikle azalma görülmüştür. Genel olarak, toprakların organik madde, toplam azot ve elektriksel iletkenlik özelliklerini artırmak ve fiziksel özelliklerini iyileştirmek için en uygun örtücü bitkilerin tek yıllık baklagillerden tüylü fiğ ve macar fiği olduğu bulunmuştur. Kayısı meyvesinin pomolojik analizlerinde en yüksek değerler Macar fiği + triticale uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Bir alev makinesi geliştirilmiş ve 2015-2016 yıllarındaki uygulamalarında 11 çeşit yabancı otun doz-cevap eğrileri bulunmuştur. Geniş yapraklılarda uygulamadan 14 gün sonra %80 kontrol için 2-4 yaprak (Y), 6-8 Y ve 10-12 Y dönemlerinde sırasıyla ortalama 38, 56 ve 67 kg/ha, %90 kontrol hedefi için ise 43, 72 ve 75 kg/ha LPG dozu gereklidir. Dar yapraklı yabancı otlarda ise %80 yabancı ot kontrolü için sırasıyla 78, 104 ve 117 kg/ha, %90 için ise 110, 152 ve 175 kg/ha doz gerekli bulunmuştur. Alevlemede yakılan gaz maliyetinin geniş yapraklı yabancı otların erken büyüme döneminde herbisit maliyeti ile karşılaştırılabilir olduğu bulunmuştur.Öğe Role of Different Cover Crops on DTPA-Extractable Micronutrients in an Apricot Orchard(2019) Demir, Zeynep; Tursun, Nihat; Işık, DoğanAbstract: This study was conducted to compare the effect of different cover crop treatments on DTPAextractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) and soil pH in an apricot orchard with clay texturelocated in Malatya province of Turkey. For this purpose, 5 different experimental groups (Viciavillosa Roth (VV), Vicia pannonica Crantz (VP), Vicia pannonica Crantz and Tritikale mixture(70% + 30%, respectively) (VPT), Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth (PT), Fagopyrum esculentumMoench (FE)) and 3 control groups (mechanically cultivated (MC), herbicide treatment (HC) andbare control plot (BC)) were used in the apricot orchards. The soils were sampled from 0–20 cm and20-40 cm depths in each plot for soil analyses. According to the obtained results, while cover croptreatments reduced pH values of soils according to the bare control, the cover crops increased theFe, Mn and Zn contents of soils in the 0-20 cm soil depth. The highest Ext-Fe, Mn and Zn contentswere obtained in the VV (14.83mg kg-1, 8.42 mg kg-1, 1.03 mg kg-1, respectively) at the 0-20 cm soildepth. As compared to bare control, highest percent increases in Fe, Mn and Zn contents weredetermined in the VV 27.73%, 31.69% and 37.54%, respectively. The greatest significant negativecorrelations in the VV treatment were observed between pH and Fe (-0.985**), between pH and Mn(-0.945**) and between pH and Zn (-0.764*). The greatest significant negative correlations in theVP treatment were observed between pH and Fe (-0.948**), between pH and Mn (-0.928**) andbetween pH and Zn (-0.722*). It was concluded based on current findings that cover crops,especially Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia pannonica Crantz could be incorporated into croppingsystems to improve micronutrients and to provide a sustainable soil management.Öğe Use of Living, Mowed, and Soil-Incorporated Cover Crops for Weed Control in Apricot Orchards(Mdpi, 2018) Tursun, Nihat; Isik, Dogan; Demir, Zeynep; Jabran, KhawarApricot fruits provide important health, economic, and nutritional benefits. Weeds damage apricot production directly and host the pests that cause damages to apricot trees. However, very few studies are available on weed control in apricot orchards. This research work was aimed at evaluating five cover crops for weed suppression in apricot orchard. The effect of living, mowed, and soil-incorporated cover corps on weeds was recorded and compared with glyphosate application and mechanical weed control. The cover crops were Vicia villosa Roth., Vicia pannonica Crantz, Triticale + V. pannonica, Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., and Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Five major weed species in the experimental area were Amaranthus retroflexus L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Tribulus terrestris L., Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., and Sorghum halepense (L.) Per. The highest biomass production was noted for Triticale + V. pannonica in 2015 and for P. tanacetifolia in 2016. Living cover crops were effective in decreasing the weed biomass compared with the control. Both mowing and soil incorporation of cover crops were effective in decreasing weed richness and density over control. Mowed or soil-incorporated cover crops were more effective than herbicide or mechanical weed control, while F. esculentum was the least effective cover crop for suppressing weeds in apricot orchard. The results of our studies implied that cover crops could be used for weed control in apricot, and their mowing or soil incorporation could enhance their efficacy.
