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    Ameliorative effects of thymoquinone on the caspase 3, kidney function and oxidative stress tartrazine-induced nephrotoxicity
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Erdemli, Zeynep; Gul, Mehmet; Gokturk, Nurcan; Kayhan, Elif; Demircigil, Nursena; Ozsoy, Eda Nur; Bag, Harika Gozukara
    First in the literature this study aimed to investigate the effects of Tartrazine, a common industrial food dye, on kidney and whether Thymoquinone has a protective effect in tartrazine-induced nephrotoxicity. The study conducted on the rats bred at I(center dot)non & uuml; University Experimental Animals Production and Research Center. Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, where each group included 8 rats: control, Tartrazine, Thymoquinone, and Tartrazine + Thymoquinone groups. The experiments continued for 3 weeks and then, kidney tissues and blood samples were collected from the rats under anesthesia. Malondialdehyde (MDA), super oxidized dismutase (SOD), total oxidant status (TOS), increase in Oxidative stress index (OSI), glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), Total antioxidant status (TAS) levels decreased in the kidney tissues collected from the tartrazine group. Serum Bun and Creatinine levels increased in the tartrazine group. Tartrazine administration damaged and degenerated the glomeruli and cortical distal tubes in the histopathology of kidney tissues, also different degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the renal cortex and medulla. Thymoquinone and tartrazine administration improved both biochemical and histopathological parameters. Tartrazine administration induced nephrotoxicity. This could be observed with the increase in oxidant capacity and the deterioration of kidney functions. Thymoquinone was observed to demonstrate strong antioxidant properties. Thymoquinone could be used primarily as a protective agent against Tartrazine-induced toxicity.
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    Ratlara uygulanan tartrazin ve timokinonun karaciğere etkileri
    (İnönü Üniversitesi, 2022) Demircigil, Nursena
    Amaç: Endüstriyel alanlar ve gıdalarda boya maddesi olarak yaygın kullanım alanına sahip olan tartrazin' in karaciğer üzerindeki toksik etkilerinin gözlenmesi ve timokinon ile beraber kullanıldığında bu toksik etkinin giderilip giderilmediğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: İnönü Üniversitesi Deney Hayvanları Üretim ve Araştırma Merkezi'nden temin edilen 32 adet 200-250 gram ağırlığında Wistar albino cinsi erkek ratlar kullanıldılar. Bu ratlar rastgele 4 farklı eşit gruba; Kontrol grubu, timokinon grubu, tartrazin grubu, timokinon + tartrazin grubu olarak ayrıldı. Uygulamalar 21 gün boyunca devam etti. Süre sonunda ratların karaciğer dokuları ve kan numuneleri alınıp biyokimyasal ve histolojik incelemelere tabi tutuldu. Bulgular: Tartrazin uygulanmasıyla, Karaciğer dokusunda oksidan ve oksidatif stres indeks parameterelerini arttırmış, anti oksidan parametreleri azaltmış, histopatolojik olumsuzluklara yol açmış ve serum numunelerinde inflamasyonlara neden olmuştur. Timokinon uygulaması karaciğer dokusunda anti oksidan parameterleri seviyelerini arttırmış ve serum inflamasyon seviyelerinde düşüşlere neden olmuştur (p<0.001). Tartrazin ile birlikte timokinon uygulaması tartrazinin biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik olumsuz etkilerini azaltmaya çalışmıştır. Sonuç: Tartrazin karaciğer dokusunda hücre hasarlarına yol açarak hepatoksisiteye sebep olmuş bununla da kalmayarak inflamasyonlara neden olmuştur. Timokinon ise antioksidan ve anti inflamasyonu artırıcı etkiye neden olmuştur. Tartrazin' in toksik etkilerini azaltmak için Çörek otu ve onun aktif bileşeni olan timokinonun günlük tüketimini tavsiye ediyoruz.
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    The impact of tartrazine and thymoquinone on rats’ lungs
    (2024) Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Aksungur, Zeynep; Demircigil, Nursena
    Aim: The study aimed to investigate the changes induced by Tartrazine (T) and Thymoquinone (TQ) in rat lung tissues. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups, 8 animals in each group: Control, T, TQ and T. The experiments were conducted for 21 days. Oxidant-antioxidant parameters were determined in rat lung tissues. Results: An increase was observed in Malondialdehyde (MDA) parameters in the lung tissues of rats in the T-treatment group when compared to all other groups, a significant decrease was observed in reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) levels. It was observed that TQ administration led to a significant increase in antioxidant capacity when compared to other groups. Coadministration of T and TQ led to improvements in oxidant and antioxidant parameters when compared to the T group. Conclusion: In this first study on the correlation between T and TQ, T administration led to damages in lung tissues. It induced oxidative stress via the increase in oxidant capacity. TQ led to an increase in antioxidant capacity. We recommend TQ consumption to maintain strong antioxidant capacity against oxidative stress damage and T toxicity.
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    The protective effects of thymoquinone against tartrazine-induced pancreatic injury and its impact on oxidative stress, caspase 3, blood glucose, insulin and cholesterol levels
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2026) Erdemli, Zeynep; Zayman, Emrah; Gokturk, Nurcan; Gul, Mehmet; Demircigil, Nursena; Levent, Ayse Betul; Aylaz, Bulent
    The present study examined the effects of Tartrazine, a common industrial food colourant, on the pancreas and the protective role of Thymoquinone. Thirty-two Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: Control, Tartrazine, Thymoquinone, and Tartrazine + Thymoquinone. The rats received Tartrazine and Thymoquinone treatments for 21 days. At the end of this period, pancreatic tissues and blood samples were collected for analysis. Tartrazine administration elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels, while decreasing glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in pancreatic tissue. It increased glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels, while decreasing insulin and HDL levels in blood samples. Tartrazine administration aggravated pancreatic histopathology and enhanced Caspase-3 positive immunoreactivity. Thymoquinone administration reduced the harmful effects of Tartrazine on biochemical and histopathological parameters. Tartrazine administration negatively impacted pancreatic tissue and blood samples. The increased oxidant capacity and oxidative stress led to these harmful effects. Conversely, Thymoquinone alleviated oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant capacity and could act as a protective agent.
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    Thymoquinone played a protective role against tartrazine- induced
    (Mashhad Univ Med Sciences, 2023) Demircigil, Nursena; Gul, Mehmet; Gokturk, Nurcan; Kustepe, Elif Kayhan; Bag, Harika Gozukara; Erman, Mehmet
    Objective(s): The current study, the first of its kind in the literature, aimed to observe the toxic effects of Tartrazine, a commonly used dyestuff in industries and foods, on the liver, and investigate whether this toxicity could be eliminated with thymoquinone coadministration. Materials and Methods: 32 male Wistar albino rats were procured from Inonu University Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center. The rats were randomly assigned to 4 equal groups: Control group, Thymoquinone group, Tartrazine group, and Thymoquinone + Tartrazine group. Rat liver tissue and blood samples were obtained and biochemical and histopathological examinations were conducted on the samples. Results: Tartrazine administration increased the oxidant (malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase) and oxidative stress index parameters (total oxidant status) in the liver tissue and decreased the antioxidant parameters (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and total antioxidant status) leading to histopathological problems (hematoxylin-eosin staining and Caspase-3 immunoreactivity) and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6) in the serum samples. Thymoquinone, on the other hand, improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: At this time and dose, thymoquinone has a protective effect against tartrazine hepatotoxicity. Thymoquinone can be used as a protective agent against tartrazine toxicity.