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    Detection of Alloiococcus otitidis in the nasopharynx and in the outer ear canal
    (Luigi Ponzio E Figlio, 2002) Durmaz, R; Ozerol, IH; Kalcioglu, MT; Oncel, S; Otlu, B; Direkel, S; Hendolin, PH
    Alloiococcus otitidis has been recovered from the middle car of children with otitis media with effusion, but its natural habitat is not known. To determine whether the nasopharynx and the outer ear canals are the natural habitats of A. otitidis, 145 swabs (50, nasopharynx; 95 outer ear canal) collected from 50 children were screened by polymerase chain reaction. A. otitidis DNA was detected in seven (4.8%) of the 145 specimens, of which four were nasopharynx, and three outer ear canal. These results indicate that the nasopharynx and outer car canal may be the body sites for localization of A. otitidis.
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    Does cerumen have a risk for transmission of hepatitis B?
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004) Kalcioglu, MT; Durmaz, R; Ozturan, O; Bayindir, Y; Direkel, S
    Objectives/Hypothesis: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a significant worldwide health problem. It affects 350 to 400 million people. The patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection have a significant risk for the development of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Full awareness of the mechanisms of transmission can allows susceptible individuals to refrain from this infection. Cerumen has never been studied as a route for hepatitis B transmission. The. of the study was evaluate the importance of cerumen in transmission of hepatitis B virus infection. Study Design: This study was performed on forty patients with confirmed hepatitis B virus infection. Methods: Forty cerumen specimens collected from the patients with hepatitis B virus DNA in their sera were prospectively analyzed for the presence of hepatitis B virus DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Eleven of 40 cerumen specimens (27.5%) were positive for hepatitis B virus DNA, with counts ranging from 4.2 x 10(2) to 4.7 x 10(6) copies per sample. There was positive correlation between hepatitis B virus DNA concentrations of serum and cerumen. Half of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients had detectable hepatitis B virus DNA levels (5.7 x 10(2) to 4.7 x 10(6) copies) in cerumen specimens, whereas 12.5% of cerumen specimens from anti-HBe-positive patients had hepatitis B virus DNA levels (4.2 x 10(2) to 7.0 x 10(3) copies). Conclusion: Cerumen can be a potential source of transmission. Therefore, this route should be investigated in further studies for horizontal, nosocomial, and occupational transmission of hepatitis B.
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    Effect of multiple freezing and thawing of serum on TT virus and hepatitis B virus DNA positivity
    (Springer-Verlag Wien, 2002) Durmaz, R; Otlu, B; Direkel, S
    This study was done to determine the effect of freezing and thawing of serum on the stability of TTV and HBV DNA levels. Seven TTV DNA positive samples were randomly selected among the sera having HBV DNA with concentrations ranging from 12 pg/ml to 4162 pg/ml and they were frozen and thawed up to eight times and then analyzed for changes on TTV- and HBV DNA levels. TTV DNA positivity and HBV DNA concentrations were tested by using semi-nested PCR and Digene hybrid capture system, respectively. Seven cycles of freezing and thawing did not significantly change HBV DNA concentrations and TTV DNA positivity in any of the samples tested. After eight cycles, only three samples were tested, and all were positive for HBV DNA, but negative for TTV DNA. Our results show that both TTV- and HBV DNA positives continued until the seventh cycle of freezing and thawing in all samples tested.