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Öğe Drought Stress Imposed at Different Reproductive Stages Influences Growth, Yield and Seed Composition of Soybean(Univ Philippines Los Banos, 2008) Kirnak, Halil; Dogan, Ergun; Alpaslan, Mehmet; Celik, Serafettin; Boydak, Erkan; Copur, OsmanSoybean (Glycine max L.) wasr grown in 2003 and 2004 to determine the effect of deficit irrigation given at five different reproductive stages on its growth, yield and seed composition. All soybean plots received full irrigation during the vegetative stage, while treatments. were started during one of the reproductive stages (R1-2, beginning of flowering and full bloom; R-3, beginning of pod; R-4, full pod; R-5, beginning of seed; R-6, full seed and full irrigation) by completely stopping irrigation. In 2003 and 2004, the observed leaf area index ranged from 3.9 (R-6) to 2.6 (control), and from 4.0 (R-6) to 2.7 (control), respectively. Water stress resulted in reduced vegetative growth, leaf relative water content and leaf chlorophyll content. In 2003 and 2004 seed yields ranged from 1955 (R-6) to 3684 kg ha(-1) (control), and from 1867 (R-6) to 3952 kg ha(-1) (control), respectively. Any water stress imposed on soybean plants in R-3, R-5 and R-6 resulted in substantial yield reduction compared with the full irrigated control treatment. There were no significant effects of total chlorophyll and leaf relative water content on the oil and protein content of soybean seed. Water stress during the different reproductive stages (R-1-R-6) significantly affected protein content, C18:0, C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids. The lowest protein value was obtained in R1-2, while the highest values were obtained from R-4 in both years. Water stress effect imposed on any of the reproductive stages showed a significant effect on protein content but not seed oil. The highest protein content values were obtained from R-4 treatment at 42.5% and 42.1% in 2003 and 2004, respectively, while the lowest values were from R-6 and R1-2 at 37.9% and 38.9% in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Average seed oil content in 2003 and 2004 were 14.61% and 16.12%, respectively.Öğe Effect of Supplemental Irrigation on Lentil Yield and Growth in Semi-Arid Environment(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2016) Kahraman, Abdullah; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Pandey, Anamika; Dogan, ErgunLentil is one of the most promising legume crops providing nutritional and food assurance to human beings. Due to extensive production of lentil crop in rain-fed agriculture system, its growth and yield are mainly determined by the levels of precipitation. Consequently, it usually faces drought stress during the generative stage resulting in low yield. In such scenario, controlled supplemental irrigation (SI) can improve and stabilize the productivity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of supplemental irrigation on the growth and yield of lentil crop under semi-arid climate conditions of Turkey. An experiment was performed during two consecutive crop seasons at Sanliurfa, Turkey with annual mean rainfall of 196 and 275 mm in the first and second experimental year, respectively. Six supplementary irrigation treatments were given using drip irrigation system [ no supplement irrigation (I-0), 25% (I-25), 50% (I-50), 75% (I-75), 100% (I-100, full irrigation) and 125% (I-125) supplement irrigation depending on the available soil water content]. Results obtained in the study indicated that in both study years, highest biomass, harvest index and grain yield values were obtained from fully irrigated treatments (I-100), while non-supplementary irrigated treatments have provided lowest values. It should be clearly noticed that growth parameters including yield were lower under over-irrigation treatment (I-125). Hence, it is recommended that farmers need to optimize the supplemental irrigation technique to obtain desired yields. This study will support the successful usage of the supplemental irrigation technology to improve lentil productivity, particularly under semi-arid environment.Öğe Infestation rate and host preference of Carob moth [Apomyelois (=Ectomyelois) ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)] on different pomegranate cultivars(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2014) Mamay, Mehmet; Ikinci, Ali; Unlu, Levent; Dogan, ErgunThis research was conducted in order to determine the infestation rate and host preference of Carob Moth [Apomyelois (=Ectomyelois) ceratoniae Zell. (Lepidoptera.: Pyralidae)] on 24 years old 13 different pomegranate cultivars under field conditions in 2010 and 2011. In the research, 13 pomegranate cultivars including 3 sour, 5 tartish and 5 sweet planted in 4 x 4 m distance were used. The research was carried out on 2 trees of each cultivar from each of 3 replications according to randomized complete block design with 3 replications. In order to determine infestation rate of Carob Moth on different pomegranate cultivars damaged and undamaged harvested fruits were counted and weighed separately at full maturity. Carob Moth infestation rate of each cultivar was determined proportioning infested fruits of the cultivar to all fruits of the same cultivar. In the study, yield, infested and uninfested fruits weight (kg/tree) of each cultivar were determined individually. According to the determined average infestation rate of both years, Fellahyemez had the highest average infestation ratio (51.4%) followed by Beynari (32.59%), Cekirdeksiz (31.71%) and Cevlik (28.68%). The infestation rate of Carob Moth on pomegranate cultivars was determined as lesser on sour and tartish tasted cultivars such as Eksilik (%3.15), Hicaznar (%14.04), Mayhos-I (%14.24) and Eksi Goknar (%17.85). In the study, Beynari, Hicaznar, Mayhos-I, Cevlik and Mayhos-IV were identified as the highest yielding cultivars. In regard to yield and infestation ratio, Hicaznar and Mayhos-I cultivars had the highest yield and lowest Carob Moth infestation.Öğe Irrigation and Yield Parameters of Soybean as Effected by Irrigation Management, Soil Compaction and Nitrogen Fertilizationy(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2013) Kirnak, Halil; Dogan, Ergun; Copur, Osman; Gokalp, ZekiIrrigation parameters (reference crop evapotranspiration, actual plant water use, amount of irrigation water, water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency, plant water consumption coefficient, variations in soil moisture based on plant water consumption-amount of irrigation water) and yield parameters (seed yield, 1000-kernel weight, harvest index) were investigated for soybean grown in Harran Plain under conventional every-furrow and alternate-furrow irrigation management systems, three different compaction levels (control without compaction, low compaction, high compaction) and three different nitrogen levels (6, 9, 12 kg da(-1)). Experiments were carried out during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons in Sanliurfa, Turkey in split-split plots experimental design with 3 replications. Irrigation program was created by KanSched simulation model. The amount of applied irrigation water in conventional and alternate furrow systems in 2006 and 2007 were measured as 435.61 and 291.59 mm, and 429.51 and 271.72 mm, respectively. ET values decreased with increasing compaction levels. The highest ET value (568 mm) was observed in non-compacted control treatment and the lowest value (240 mm) in high-compaction treatment. Irrigation water use efficiency increased with decreased irrigation water and the values were higher than water use efficiencies. While the highest yield (94.78 kg da(-1)) was observed in control treatment of the year 2006, conventional furrow system had the highest yield (209.93 kg da(-1)) in the year 2007. While effects of compaction and irrigation on harvest index were insignificant, nitrogen doses were found to be significant. Results revealed that KanSched irrigation model could be used for irrigation scheduling but plant coefficients to be used in the model should be determined properly based on climate conditions. Negative impacts of soil compaction in agricultural fields due to traffic and various other reasons can be eliminated with proper irrigation and fertilization implementations. However, yield losses at high-compaction levels may reach up to 45%.Öğe Soil characteristics of soybean fields as effected by compaction, irrigation and fertilization(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2017) Kirnak, Halil; Gokalp, Zeki; Dogan, Ergun; Copur, OsmanSoil physical characteristics (penetration resistance, bulk density, temperature, moisture content) and nutrient contents (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) were investigated for soybean grown in Turkey under three different compaction levels (control, low compaction, high compaction), two different irrigation management systems (conventional and alternate furrow irrigation) and three different nitrogen levels (60, 90, 120 kg ha(-1)). Penetration resistances exhibited distinctive increase in high-compaction case of conventional and alternate furrow irrigation systems. Effects of all treatments on bulk density were found to be significant. Only the nitrogen doses had significant effects on leaf P and K contents at p<0.05 level. Soil compaction had significant effects on soil nutrient contents of all depths except 0-30 cm layer (p<0.01). Effects of compaction on soil temperature were insignificant at 10 cm but were significant at 30 cm. Results indicated that negative impacts of soil compaction could be eliminated with proper irrigation and fertilization implementations.
