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    Combined treatment of cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil Induces cell death in ARPE-19 cells through the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway
    (2021) Dogan, Ayten; Doganlar, Zeynep Banu; Doganlar, Oguzhan
    Aim: Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil have been used for about 50 years as chemotherapy agents. Combination of these two agents is known as PF therapy and is widely used in the treatment of anal, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer. One of the problems encountered with antineoplastic agents is the rapid and irreversible side effects on non-target cells and organs. It is common that occourence of ocular toxicity by chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: ARPE-19 cell viability and toxicity were determined by performing (MTT)-based colorimetric assays and IC50 values calculated by probit analyses options of SPSS 20 Software. Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescent staining was performed to determine structural changes such as cell blebbing and chromatin condensation during the apoptosis process on cells. Images examined under a fluorescent microscope (Zeiss Axio Vert.A1) at 40X magnification with FITC filter for AO and Tex Red filter. And Real-time PCR was performed with ABI Step One Plus and Quant Studio 5 Real-Time PCR systems.Results: PF treatment within 24 hours and 48 hours caused ER stress due to toxic effect and this induced cell death through apoptosis via death receptor signaling and intrinsic pathway in ARPE-19 cells. Conclusion: PF-induced activation of the ER stress mechanism can be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for the prevention of side effects of non-target cells.
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    Heavy metal pollution and physiological changes in the leaves of some shrub, palm and tree species in urban areas of Adana, Turkey
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2012) Doganlar, Zeynep Banu; Doganlar, Oguzhan; Erdogan, Selim; Onal, Yunus
    The effects of anthropogenic pollution on metal accumulation and some physiological parameters were investigated in plant leaves in the Adana, located in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Washingtonia filifera L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis L., Phoenix dactylifera L., Platanus orientalis L., Citrus aurantium L., Nerium oleander L. and Schinus molle L. plants were collected from four different locations having different pollution levels in Adana. Concentrations of metals (Al, B, Ba, Fe, Pb, Sr and Zn), pigment (chloropyhll and carotenoid), lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde), and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity were determined in the leaf tissues of these plants. Nerium oleander was determined to be a suitable biomonitor for heavy metal accumulation from anthropogenic and traffic activities in Adana. It was also determined that S. molle accumulated more Cu, Pb and Zn than all the other plant species and that metal accumulation did not cause a significant increase in pigment content of this plant. Our results indicate that POD enzyme activities in P. orientalis (Sr and Zn), C. aurantium (Ba) and N. oleander (Cu and Pb) can be used as suitable indicators for heavy metal stress. Additionally, we propose that S. molle can be used as a biomonitor for Pb, Cu and Zn, while N.oleander can be used as a biomonitor for Fe, Al, and Ba.