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    Production of activated carbon and fungicidal oil from peach stone by two-stage process
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Uysal, Tugce; Duman, Gozde; Onal, Yunus; Yasa, Ihsan; Yanik, Jale
    In this study, the production of activated carbons from peach stone with zinc chloride activation was investigated by means of a two-stage process: precarbonization and chemical activation. Precarbonization was performed at two different temperatures 300 degrees C and 400 degrees C in order to obtain the bio-oil. Then the activation of precarbonized chars after impregnation with zinc chloride was carried out. The activation temperatures varied from 500 degrees C to 700 degrees C to determine the optimal processing conditions. For comparison, traditional chemical activation was also performed. In two-stage process, the precarbonization temperature had important effect on the surface area of activated carbon as well as activation temperature. The surface area of activated carbons obtained from the two-stage process was lower than that those from the one-stage process. The bio-oil obtained from precarbonization step showed fungicidal activity against fungi Coriolus versicolor. The adsorption capacities of activated carbons for phenol and methylene blue were found to be in the range of 51.6-64.9 mg g(-1) and 104.2-121.9 mg g(-1), respectively. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Production of Activated Carbon from Pine Cone and Evaluation of Its Physical, Chemical, and Adsorption Properties
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2009) Duman, Gozde; Onalt, Yunus; Okutucu, Cagdas; Onenc, Semin; Yanik, Jale
    In this study, the activated carbons were prepared from pine cone by chemical activation. Boehm titration and FT-IR analysis were conducted to determine the surface groups of the activated carbons while N-2 adsorption (77 K) was carried out to evaluate their pore characteristics. Zinc chloride produced activated carbon with a higher surface area and micropore volume compared to that produced by phosphoric acid activation. The amount of activating agent used strongly influenced the porous texture; considerable lossing in microporosity accompanies the increasing of activating agent. The potential application of activated carbons obtained from pine cone as adsorbents for removal of water pollutants have been checked for phenol, methylene blue, and Cr(VI). The surface functional groups were reflected in the capacity of the carbons to adsorb different species from solution. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon prepared with phosphoric acid was more than that of activated carbon prepared using zinc chloride. In conclusion, the results indicated that the activated carbon made from pine cone had remarkable mesopore surface areas and notable adsorption capacities for phenol, methylene blue, and Cr(VI).