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    Effect of high-intensity exercise on endoplasmic reticulum stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels
    (Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2023) Korkmaz, K.; Duzova, H.; Taslidere, A. Cetin; Koc, A.; Karaca, Z. M.; Durmus, K.
    Objectives. - High-intensity exercise impairs ER functions and elevates pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins levels. We investigated the effects of different intensity swimming exercises on ER stress of muscle damage with the impact of IL-23 and neurotrophic factors. Equipment and methods. - Rats were divided into three groups control (n = 9), normal swimming exercise (NSE) (n = 8), and weight-loaded swimming exercise (WLSE) (n = 9). Ventricle and skeletal muscle ATF4 and GRP78 levels were measured by Western Blot, and serum IL-17, IL-23, BDNF, NT-3, and NGF levels by ELISA method. Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry evaluation of skeletal muscle tissues was performed. Results. - The GRP78 level in the gastrocnemius muscle in the NSE group decreased, while the ATF4 level increased compared to other groups (P < 0.05). The ATF4 levels in heart muscle in the NSE group increased compared to the WLSE group (P < 0.05). The serum NT-3 level in the WLSE group rats increased compared to the other groups (P < 0.008). Intense Caspase-3 positive staining muscle cells were observed in the WLSE group compared to the control group (P <= 0.0001). Conclusions. - In response to high-intensity exercise, while pro-inflammatory cytokines, BDNF, and NGF adaptation in the body take place, also NT-3 secretion causing cell damage by the caspase system to cope with ER stress increasement is seen. In conclusion, this study shows us that high-intensity exercise may cause myopathy in the heart and skeletal muscle. (c) 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of different durations of treadmill training exercise on bone mineral density in growing rats
    (Inst Sport, 2008) Ertem, K.; Karakoc, Y.; Duzova, H.; Kekilli, E.; Emre, M. H.; Kilinc, E.; Yagmur, C.
    In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different durations of treadmill training exercise (daily for 30 min and 60 min) on bone mineral density (BMD) in young growing rats. Training consisted of treadmill running at 5 days per week during a period of 13 weeks. The rats in 30 min and 60 min exercise groups began to training on day 63 of life and had maintained for at least a week, with a minimal progression as a guide to the rats' training and adaptation to the treadmill. Running time was gradually increased from 15 min to 30 and 60 min per session for two exercise groups respectively. Control rats were kept in the cages at the same environmental conditions and daily inspected to control their health. At the end of 13 weeks, bone mineral densities of the bilateral tibia of all rats were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) (QDR 4500/W, Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) and results were evaluated. There were significantly increases in BMD of right and left tibia of rats in 30 min exercise group at post-exercise period (p<0.01 for both sides) when compared to the control group. BMD of right and left tibia of rats were also correlated with each other (r=0.556 and p=0.003). Otherwise, there is a positive correlation between pre- and post-exercise body weights of rats (r=0.588 and p=0.002). From our results, we concluded that subjects should perform moderate running exercise for development of bone mass and its protection during the lifelong. However, intensity and duration of performing exercise are required to put in order for every ages or actual physical conditions.
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    Protective effects of salusin-? and salusin-? on renal ischemia/reperfusion damage and their levels in ischemic acute renal failure
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Cakir, M.; Duzova, H.; Taslidere, A.; Orhan, G.; Ozyalin, F.
    Salusin-alpha and salusin-beta are expressed in many tissues including the central nervous system, vessels and kidneys; they have been shown to decrease endoplasmic reticulum stress during heart ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) and to decrease apoptosis. We investigated the relation of salusin-alpha and salusin-beta levels to acute ischemic renal failure. We also investigated whether these peptides are protective against renal I/R damage. Fifty-three rats were divided into six groups: control, I/R, I/R + salusin alpha 1, I/R + salusin-alpha 10, I/R + salusin-beta 1 and I/R + salusin-beta 10. After removing the right kidney, the left kidney was subjected to ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 23 h. The treatment groups were injected subcutaneously at the beginning of ischemia with 1 or 10 mu g/kg salusin-a, and1 or 10 mu g/kg salusin-beta. Histopathology was assessed at the end of the experiment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the kidney tissue. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) alsoweremeasured. Levels of salusina and salusin-beta were measured in the serum and kidney tissues of the control and I/R groups. SOD, CAT and GSH-PX activities were decreased and the levels of MDA, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1 beta, BUNand Cre were increased in the I/R group compared to controls. Severe glomerular and tubular damage was apparent in the I/R group compared to controls. The level of salusin-alpha was decreased in the serum and kidney tissue of the I/R group compared to controls, whereas the level of salusin-a was decreased in the serum and increased in the kidney tissue. Salusin-a and salusin-beta administration increased SOD and GSH-PX enzyme activation and decreased the levels of MDA, TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-1 beta compared to the I/R group. BUN and Cre levels were decreased in the I/R + salusin-alpha 1 group and the level of Cre was decreased in I/R + salusin-beta 10 group compared to the I/R group. We demonstrated a protective effect of salusin-alpha and salusin-beta against renal I/R damage. Changes in the levels of salusin-alpha and salusin-beta in the I/R group suggest that these peptides may be associated with acute renal failure.