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    A Medical and Philosophical Analysis on the Body
    (Beytulhikme Felsefe Cevresi, 2023) Efil, Sahin
    The knowledge and experience of physicians about the body was very limited since the anatomical examination of the body was not allowed in classi-cal cultures. The abolition of the dissection prohibition and Descartes' re-drawing attention to the body is very critical in terms of its examination. Mo-reover, with the advancement of science and technique, the development of medicine and medical instruments has allowed the body to be studied more closely and in more detail. While the soul became the subject of philosophy in the classical period, later the body became the subject of philosophy as well. In modern medicine, the body has revealed itself as a mere fact and a mechanical system, a dilemma has emerged in the form of the body, which is the subject of medical science, and the body that the patient experiences.Thus, the body has become an important problem in clinical medicine. The main subject of the ar-ticle is to deal with the body from a medical and philosophical point of view. Its purpose is to go back to the main concerns and thoughts behind these ques-tions and problems, to analyze and discuss the body with its medical and philo-sophical dimensions, and to question the body understanding of clinical medi-cine.Thus, this study focuses on interconnected questions such as how the body turns into a problem in medicine in the modern era, what are the tho-ughts that make it a problem, and how we should face these thoughts. In addi-tion, in this study, we aim at to reach the following conclusion:The body is a reality that does not remain as a 'thing-in-itself' as predicted by positivism, dua-lism and clinical medicine, but always exceeds the sum of its own existence and overflows itself.
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    The Problem of the Relation of Man-Nature-God and Two Basic Proposals against the Global Ecological Disaster
    (Beytulhikme Felsefe Cevresi, 2018) Efil, Sahin
    According to materialist and positivist scientists and thinkers, the universe is absurd, nonsense and a coincidental structure; a human being is a coincidentally thrown being. So, he or she is all alone, desperate and extremely alienated to the universe. In this respect, there is an exact oppositeness and hostility between the human being and the universe. We think that these views have played an extremely important role in the environmental disasters we have had so far. More precisely, it seems that these views have influenced the environmental understanding of the human being adversely. In this article, these views will be examined, analyzed and criticized in terms of philosophical and philosophy of religion. Besides, the anthropic principle and the metaphysical dimension of man we think of being closely related to these views will be dealt with and evaluated. These two matters point out that human being the universe, in one respect between the part and the whole is a strict relationship and an unbreakable connection. Because these two approaches are quite important human-universe relation for being can reconstruct in a strong and strict way. Thus, we think of the anthropic principle and the metaphysical dimension of man have a potential possibility the global disaster can avoid or decrease.
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    Search for and Critique of Immortality in the History of Ideas and Modern Medicine
    (Beytulhikme Felsefe Cevresi, 2016) Efil, Sahin
    Human being has been reluctant to accept death and showed resistance against it throughout the history of ideas. Human being has somewhat been in the pursuit of immortality on the earth. This pursuit has maintained its presence and dynamism throughout the history. Today, this pursuit seems to have accelerated seriously along with the facilities of science and technology, particularly the modern medicine. These facilities have created a belief and a confidence of the possibility of the realization of immortality for some people to a degree which has never been experienced so far. In this sense, today, medicine is triying to realize the will to imortality which human being has been in the pursuit of with a great curiosity and faith throughout the history. In this study, firstly, the search for immortality in the history of ideas will be revealed along with examples, and then, search for immortality and the perception of death of modern medicine and the problems arising with this perception will be discussed. Lastly, the analysis, critique and evaluation of the efforts related with the search for immortality in modern science and medicine will be done in terms of philosophy of religion.