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    The Beneficial Effects of Resveratrol on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6J Mouse Model
    (Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2022) Tecellioglu, M.; Turkmen, N. Basak; Ciftci, O.; Taslidere, A.; Ekmekyapar, T.; Yuce, H.; Oztanir, M. N.
    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system of unknown cause and limited therapeutical treatments. In this study we analyzed the effects of resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic compound with well-known neuroprotective effects, on neuronal damage in brain tissue caused by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-an established model of multiple sclerosis, using C57BL/6J female mice. A total of 40 C57BL/6J female mice were divided equally into four groups: control, EAE, RSV and RSV + EAE. 14 days after induction of EAE with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MOG35-55 and pertussis toxin, mice were treated via oral gavage with RSV at the doses of 20 mg/kg per day for 7 days. According to our results RSV treatment prevented oxidative stress caused by EAE via a decrease in lipid peroxidation and an increase in the elements of the antioxidant defense systems in brain tissue. The histopathological changes in caspase-3 and IL-17 activity and cytokine levels (TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta) induced by EAE in mouse brain tissue were reversed by RSV treatment. Moreover, elevated TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta levels, induced by EAE, were diminished in blood serum, and neurological deficits were reversed in EAE mice treated with RSV. Our findings suggest that RSV treatment effectively prevents oxidative, immunological, and histological changes in the brain caused by EAE and the beneficial effects of RSV are likely to result from its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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    Clinical features and predisposing factors of delirium due to COVID-19 pneumonia in intensive care units
    (Verduci Publisher, 2022) Ekmekyapar, T.; Ekmekyapar, M.; Tasci, I; Sahin, L.; Delen, L. A.
    OBJECTIVE: Delirium is an acute disorder in which attention, perception, memory, thought, mood, psychomotor activity and sleep-wake cycles change rapidly. Delirium is also a common clinical syndrome in patients hospitalized in intensive care units due to COVID-19 pneumonia. We reviewed clinical features and predisposing factors of delirium according to psychomotor subtype in patients hospitalized in the intensive care units due to COVID-19 pneumonia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 64 patients who were hospitalized in the intensive care units due to COVID-19 pneumonia were included. Delirium status and psychomotor subtype were determined by applying the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit scale to the patients daily. The gender, age, comorbidity, treatments, intubation, and mortality rates of the patients were recorded. Multivariate analyses were performed by examining predisposing factors. arterial blood gases, hemograms, biochemistry, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: There were 64 patients in delirium clinic, 65.6% (n=42) of them were male. Hypokinetic delirium was more common in 60.9% (n=39). 79.4% of the patients who received ventilator support were male (p=0.013). When mortality was analyzed in this group, hypoactive delirium was found to be significantly higher (p=0.035). In addition, leukocyte levels were higher in patients with hypokinetic delirium (p=0.029). Ferritin and fibrinogen levels were higher in patients with hyperkinetic delirium (p=0.039, p=0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of additional diseases such as advanced age, male gender, hypertension, coronary artery disease, dementia, and hypoxia were factors that increased the frequency of delirium. In addition, the mortality rate was higher in patients with hypokinetic delirium.
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    Relationships of total leukocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte levels with the menstrual cycle in patients receiving fingolimod treatment
    (Verduci Publisher, 2021) Ekmekyapar, T.; Ozcan, C.; Ciftci, O.
    OBJECTIVE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, chronic, and progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that causes the loss of axons and grey matter, and has a high prevalence in young female patients. Fingolimod is an oral treatment agent that acts by blocking the passage of the T lymphocytes responsible for the pathogenesis of MS from lymphoid tissue into the peripheral blood. We aimed to research the effects of menstrual cycles on leukocytes and lymphocyte levels in RRMS (relapsing-remitting MS) patients who received fingolimod treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was performed to determine the most suitable phase of the menstrual cycle in patients with RRMS for follow-up assessment of lymphopaenia levels after fingolimod treatment. The study population consisted of 41 RRMS patients receiving fingolimod therapy and 33 healthy women of reproductive age. Complete blood counts were performed in three different phases of the menstrual cycle, and the two groups were compared. Variability in the total leukocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil immune cell numbers between cycles was examined. RESULTS: The results indicated that total leukocyte, neutrophil. and lymphocyte levels were decreased in RRMS patients receiving fingolimod treatment, but these changes were not related to the phase of the menstrual cycle. In our study, leukocyte levels in healthy individuals were significantly lower in the proliferative phase than in other phases. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that lymphocyte monitoring in RRMS patients receiving fingolimod treatment can be performed at any stage of the menstrual cycle.