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    Effects of ciprofloxacin and quercetin on fetal brain development: a biochemical and histopathological study
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Dogan, Zumrut; Cetin, Aymelek; Elibol, Ebru; Vardi, Nigar; Turkoz, Yusuf
    Purpose: Teratogens cause birth defects and malformations while human development is being completed. In pregnancy, urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health problem caused by bacteria. The fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin can treat various types of bacterial infections successfully. The aim of this study is to determine whether the use of ciprofloxacin during pregnancy causes oxidative stress on brain tissues of the fetus, and whether quercetin contributes to prevent this damage if stress has already occurred.Materials and methods: In our study, 22 young female Wistar albino rats weighing 250g were used. Rats were mated overnight in separate plastic cages. Female rats were regarded as pregnant when a vaginal plug was observed, and these were divided into four groups of control, ciprofloxacin, quercetin, and cipro+quercetin. Two daily i.p. 20mg/kg doses of ciprofloxacin were administered to ciprofloxacin group between 7 and 17 d of pregnancy. Throughout the study, daily (20 d) 20mg/kg quercetin was dissolved in corn oil and administered to the quercetin group by oral gavage. Rats were fed ad libitum throughout the study. Fetuses were taken by C-section on the 20th day of pregnancy. Thereafter, the brain tissues were subjected to histological assessments and biochemical analyzes.Results: The experimental groups were compared with the control group; ciprofloxacin affected fetal development, especially caused damage to neurons in brain tissue and cause hemorrhagic defects. And also, it was determined that many parameters were affected such as antioxidant parameters, enzyme levels and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (a marker of lipid peroxidation). Quercetin is a member of flavonoid with strong antioxidant properties, and our results indicate that the use of ciprofloxacin in pregnancy can result damage to fetal brain tissue.Conclusions: Unlike these results when some parameters are evaluated it is understood that this harmful effects suppressed by quercetin.
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    The Effects of Concomitant Giardia intestinalis Infection on Acute Gastrointestinal Toxicity in Rats Undergoing Pelvic Irradiation
    (ACTA ONCOLOGICA TURCICA, 2018) Doğan, Zümrüt; Kaya, Özlem Makbule Aycan; Elibol, Ebru; Vardı, Nigar; Erkal, Haldun Şükrü
    Öz: INTRODUCTION: Different types of pelvic cancer, such as cervical, endometrial, bladder and prostate, are normally treated by radical radiotherapy, which can be used both alone or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of concomitant Giardia intestinalis infection on acute gastrointestinal toxicity in rats that have undergone pelvic irradiation. METHODS: The study group consisted of forty female 6-month-old Wistar rats with the weight of 250 g. The rats were divided into four groups containing ten rats in each group. The study groups are as follows: Group 1 contained rats not infected with Giardia intestinalis and not irradiated, Group 2 contained rats infected with Giardia intestinalis but not irradiated, Group 3 contained rats not infected with Giardia intestinalis but irradiated, Group 4 contained rats infected with Giardia intestinalis and radiated. For the day after the end of radiation, the number of stool pellets was counted, and the operation of weighing rats was performed, and they were sacrificed the following day. The intestinal tissues were taken for histological evaluation. RESULTS: A mucosal damage, such as villus shortening, atrophy of surface epithelium, crypt loss, as well as a decrease in the number of goblet cells of the group 3 and 4, was detected as a result of the light microscopic examination. CONCLUSION: As a result of the present study, the fact that concomitant Giardia intestinalis infection aggravates acute gastrointestinal toxicity in rats that have undergone pelvic irradiation has been verified.
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    Hepatoprotective properties for Salvia cryptantha extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury
    (C M B Assoc, 2017) Yalcin, Alper; Yumrutas, Onder; Kuloglu, Tuncay; Elibol, Ebru; Parlar, Ali; Yilmaz, Ismet; Pehlivan, Mustafa
    The present study was designed to determine the possible hepatoprotective effects of Salvia cryptantha (black weed) plant extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury in rats. Animals were grouped as follows: control group (Group I), CCl4 group (Group II), olive oil group (Group III), CCl4 + S. cryphantha 200 mg/kg group (Group IV), and CCl4 + S. cryptantha 400 mg/kg group (Group V). Rats were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 diluted in olive oil (50% v/v) at a dose of 1ml/kg body weight. Bax and Caspase3 were determined by immunohistochemical staining, while apoptotic index was evaluated using TUNEL assay. Total mRNA was isolated from liver tissues, and the levels of BCL2, Caspase3, SOD, CAT, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined by using PCR, while MDA level were determined using a colorimetric assay. The antioxidant and anti-apoptotic gene transcripts were decreased in all of the control and treatment groups, while Caspase3 levels were not statistically different. The S. cryptantha plant extract treatment was also found to improve SOD, GPx, and catalase levels, while reducing the serum levels of MDA. The extract of S. cryptantha supplementation had a protective effect against CCl4-induced liver damage. S. cryptantha extract as a supplement may be useful as a hepato-protective agent to combat the toxic effects caused by CCl4 and other chemicals.