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    Optimisation of microwave digestion for determination of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in various legumes by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
    (Wiley, 2006) Erdogan, S; Erdemoglu, SB; Kaya, S
    Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu levels in three Turkish legumes, kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), lentil (Lens esculenta) and chickpea (Cicer avietinum), were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Dissolution conditions in the microwave-assisted wet digestion method were studied by investigating several variables, including type of acid mixture, acid volume, digestion time, microwave power input and sample weight. Comparison with conventional wet acid digestion was also made. In order to check the element losses during digestion and the accuracy of the results, all tests were repeated after the addition of a spiked standard element solution to the legume sample. The microwave-assisted digestion procedure optimised for kidney bean was adapted for lentil and chickpea. Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations (mg per 100 g sample) were determined in kidney bean as 6.27 +/- 0.94, 2.23 +/- 0.36,1.64 +/- 0.14 and 0.99 +/- 0.19, in lentil as 8.24 +/- 1.11, 2.46 +/- 0.06, 1.17 +/- 0.19 and 1.01 +/- 0.28 and in chickpea as 6.00 +/- 1.40, 2.21 +/- 0.14, 1.60 +/- 0.43 and 0.58 +/- 0.18 respectively. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry.
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    Optimization of nickel adsorption from aqueous solution by using activated carbon prepared from waste apricot by chemical activation
    (Elsevier, 2005) Erdogan, S; Önal, Y; Akmil-Basar, C; Bilmez-Erdemoglu, S; Sarici-Özdemir, Ç; Köseoglu, E; Içduygu, G
    Waste apricot supplied by Malatya apricot plant (Turkey) was activated by using chemical activation method and K2CO3 was chosen for this purpose. Activation temperature was varied over the temperature range of 400-900 degrees C and N-2 atmosphere was used with 10 degrees C/min heat rate. The maximum surface area (1214 m(2)/g) and micropore volume (0.355 cm(3)/g) were obtained at 900 degrees C, but activated carbon was predominantly microporous at 700 degrees C. The resulting activated carbons were used for removal of Ni(H) ions from aqueous solution and adsorption properties have been investigated under various conditions such as pH, activation temperature, adsorbent dosage and nickel concentration. Adsorption parameters were determined by using Langmuir model. Optimal condition was determined as; pH 5, 0.7 g/10 ml adsorbent dosage, 10 mg/l Ni(H) concentration and 60 min contact time. The results indicate that the effective uptake of Ni(II) ions was obtained by activating the carbon at 900 degrees C. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Role of vagal activity on bradicardic and hypotensive effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)
    (Humana Press Inc, 2005) Iraz, M; Fadillioglu, E; Tasdemir, S; Erdogan, S
    Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phenolic active component of propolis of honeybee hives and reduces heart rate and blood pressure in rats. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of vagal activity and atropine blockage on the bradycardic and hypotensive effects of CAPE in rats. The rats were divided into five groups (n = 8). Saline and vehicle (10% ethanol) of CAPE were given to the first and second groups, respectively. Group 3 was treated with 5 mg/kg CAPE. Group 4 bivagotomized and treated with 5 mg/kg CAPE. Group 5 treated with atropine (5 mu g/mu L/min) continuously and treated with CAPE. The electrophysiological monitoring was done for each experiment under urethane anaesthetize. As a result, CAPE caused intense and transient bradycardia and hypotension. Vagotomy completely abolished bradycardia occurred via CAPE injection; however atropine attenuated bradycardic effects of CAPE. On the other hand, hypotensive effect of CAPE was affected from neither bilateral vagotomy nor atropine treatment. It was thought that CAPE may exert its effects on heart rate via a central parasympathetic control mechanism, but not on central parasympathetic blood pressure control system.