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    Comparison of letters, numbers and E-test for final visual acuity
    (2001) Evereklioglu C.; Doganay S.; Erten A.; Er H.
    Objective: To compare E-test, letters and numbers on Snellen chart to obtain the earliest and best visual acuity with less variability in the healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: A hundred healthy subjects included in the present study. Uncorrected visual acuity was obtained in all subjects bilaterally in the same office and illumination situations from 6 m with Snellen chart (separately for letters, numbers and E-test). Only one eye (right eyes) was evaluated for statistical analysis. Time spent for final visual acuity was recorded for each test separately. Results: In all subjects, the best uncorrected visual acuity was over 0.8 L in each test and had 20/20 visual acuity at least in the one of each three test. The best final visual acuity was obtained with E-test (1.06 L) and the level was significantly higher when compared with letters (0.97 L) (P < .01) and numbers (0.99 L) (P < .01). E-test demonstrated less variability in determining the final visual acuity than the others determine (average standard deviation [SD], E-test = 0.11 L, Letters = 0.17 L, Numbers = 0.17 L; average range, E-test = 0.02 L, Letters = 0.19 L, Numbers = 0.11 L). The time spent in obtaining the best visual acuity was least in E-test and the difference was significant when compared with the other test types (for each, P < .01). Conclusions: We obtained a higher and more stable (less variability with lower SD) visual acuity with E-test. The results of the present study showed that E-test should not only be the choice of routine examination in illiterate children in a particular age group, but also should be used routinely in all age groups as a standard test type. The shortest time spent in obtaining the final visual acuity is also occurred in E-test. E-test is a simple visual acuity test that appeared to be more accurate than letters and numbers with its less variability in Snellen chart in determining the final visual acuity.