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    The effects of autumn foliar applications of boron and urea on flower quality, yield, boron and nitrogen reserves of apricot
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Karlidag, Huseyin; Esitken, Ahmet; Turan, Metin; Atay, Salih
    In order to determine the effects of autumn foliar application of boron (B) and/or urea on abortive flower ratio, yield, fruit weight, total soluble solid (TSS) and B and nitrogen (N) contents of reserves of non-irrigated apricot trees, field experiments were carried out between 2009 and 2012 in Malatya province of Turkey. The application of B and/or urea stimulated perfect flower development, B and N accumulation and resulted in significant yield increase. Boron, urea and B+urea applications increased fruit yield by 33.1%, 26.1% and 26.9%, decreased abortive flower ratio by 34.6%, 27.1% and 35.9% compared to the control, respectively. In addition, B and N contents of wood, bark and buds of apricot trees were significantly increased by B and/or urea treatments. It was also observed that B and N contents were the highest in bud compared to wood and bark in all treatments. The highest B (16.53 ppm) and N (1.56%) contents were determined to buds in B+urea treatment. The results of this study suggest that autumn foliar B and/or urea application have the potential to decrease abortive flower ratio and increase the yield and B and N contents of reserves of apricot trees under non-irrigated conditions.
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    Effects of grafting height of MM106 rootstock on growth, lateral shoot formation and yield in apple trees
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2012) Karlidag, Huseyin; Esitken, Ahmet
    Between 2004 and 2008, the effects of different grafting heights on sylleptic shoots were tested in the apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) cultivars 'Granny Smith' and 'Gloster', and cumulative fruit yields were evaluated. MM106 apple rootstocks were grafted 10, 20, 40, or 60 cm above soil level in August 2004. The results showed that an increased grafting height significantly decreased tree height in both cultivars. The tallest and shortest trees were observed at grafting heights of 10 cm (153.0 and 170.0 cm) and 60 cm (141.3 and 143.5 cm) in 'Granny Smith' and 'Gloster', respectively. Among the various grafting heights tested, 60 cm in 'Granny Smith' and 20 cm in 'Gloster' gave the largest stem diameters (17.6 mm and 16.8 mm, respectively). The number of lateral shoots increased significantly with increased grafting height in both cultivars. The largest numbers of lateral shoots in 'Granny Smith' (10.75) and 'Gloster' (2.00) were obtained from a grafting height of 60 cm, while 2.55 and zero lateral shoots occurred at 10 cm grafting height in 'Granny Smith' and 'Gloster', respectively. Shoot lengths decreased significantly by increasing the grafting height. Grafting heights of 10 cm and 60 cm resulted in the tallest and shortest shoots in both cultivars. Cumulative fruit yields were significantly affected by grafting height in both cultivars. The highest yield was found for a 60 cm grafting height in both 'Granny Smith' (11.295 kg tree(-1)) and 'Gloster' (4.818 kg tree(-1)). The results of this study suggest that grafting heights of 40 cm and 60 cm have the potential to promote branching and early bearing for apple fruit production in sustainable and organic agricultural systems.
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    Effects of Interstock (M9) Length Grafted onto MM106 Rootstock on Sylleptic Shoot Formation, Growth and Yield in Some Apple Cultivars
    (Galenos Publ House, 2014) Karlidag, Huseyin; Aslantas, Rafet; Esitken, Ahmet
    In this study, branching effects of interstock lengths (15 and 30 cm) of M9 on MM106 rootstock were tested on Golden Delicious and Granny Smith cultivars. In addition, vegetative growth and cumulative yield were determined between 2003 and 2010. The results showed that increased interstock length significantly decreased sapling and tree growth but increased lateral branching in both cultivars. The tallest trees were in the control (176.5 and 186.5 cm) and the shortest trees were in the 30 cm interstock length (147.5 and 162.6 cm) in Golden Delicious and Granny Smith, respectively. The highest number of lateral shoot was obtained from 30 cm interstock length in Golden Delicious (3.67) and Granny Smith (5.33) while there was no lateral shoot formation in the control. The highest cumulative yield was obtained from 30 cm interstock length as 21.77 kg tree(-1) in Golden Delicious and 19.18 kg tree(-1) in Granny Smith. The results suggested that M9 as a interstock have the potential to induce growth reduction, branching and early fruit bearing especially in sustainable and organic fruit production systems in apple.