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    The Effect of Personality Disorders on Asthma Severity and Quality of Life
    (Tehran Univ Medical Sciences, 2014) Yilmaz, Ayse; Cumurcu, Birgul E.; Etikan, Ilker; Hasbek, Ekrem; Doruk, Sibel
    Assesment of health related quality of life (HRQL) is increasingly recognized as an important part of the patient care in asthma. We aimed to evaluate the effect of personality disorders (PDs) on HRQL and the severity of disease in asthmatic patients. Ninety seven consecutive patients with asthma and ninety healthy controls were included. All patients completed a Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36) and Structured Clinical Interview Form for DSM-III-R Axis-II Disorders (SCID-II). All SF-36 questionnaire scores of asthmatic patients were significantly lower than the controls. There were statistical differences between the asthma severity and the mean scores of vitality and emotional role difficulties of HRQL's subdomains (p=0.03, p=0.014, respectively). There was a weak but statistically significant correlation between the scores of pain and emotional role difficulties, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEVI) (r=0.27, p=0.007; r=0.24, p=0.01, respectively). When compared to healthy controls, patients with asthma had higher prevalence of PDs (p=0.0001). The most common PDs found in asthmatic patients were obsessive-compulsive and avoidant PDs. HRQL values of asthma patients with PDs were significantly lower than patients without PDs except for the physical functioning subscores on HRQL. We conclude that patients with asthma have higher prevalence of PDs, which is associated with their poor quality of life. A psychiatric evaluation may be beneficial in patients with asthma if a concomitant PD is suspected.
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    Normative data and factorial structure of the Turkish version of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Kose, Samet; Celikel, Feryal Cam; Akin, Ercan; Kaya, Cahit; Cumurcu, Birgul Elbozan; Etikan, Ilker; Cloninger, C. Robert
    Objective: Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI) was developed by Luby, Svrakic, McCallum, Przybeck, and Cloninger based on Cloninger's biopsychosocial model to assess temperament and character dimensions in children and adolescents. Methods: The Turkish version of J-TCI-Revised (J-TCI-R) was administered to 1129 elementary and middle-school (male/female, 546/583) students. Internal consistency reliabilities were measured by Cronbach's alpha; test-retest was assessed across one month. Results: Cronbach's alphas for the subscales of J-TCI-R ranged from 0.60 to 0.75 for temperament and character subscales, which were comparable to US and other populations. The correlations between baseline and one month after administration of J-TCI-R were highly and statistically significant (r = 0.578-0.674 for scales and 0.366-0.582 for subscales) (n = 795). Factor analysis results using Eigenvalue greater than one rule indicated three out of four factors for temperament scales and one out of two factors for character subscales which were similar to findings from the other countries. When all of the subscales were subjected to factor analysis, four out of six factors were retained. To our knowledge, this is the first study analysing psychometric properties and factorial construct of the J-TCI-R. Conclusions: The internal reliability coefficients and test-retest indicated a good stability of scores over time and the factorial structure was consistent with Cloninger's model of personality. The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the TCI is therefore supported.
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    Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Black Sea Region, Turkey, and Investigation of the Related Factors with Chronic Kidney Disease
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Sahin, Idris; Yildirim, Beytullah; Cetin, Ilhan; Etikan, Ilker; Ozturk, Banu; Ozyurt, Huseyin; Tasliyurt, Turker
    We aimed to assess the prevalence of CKD in the Black Sea Region, Turkey, and to evaluate any relationship between age, gender, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and CKD. This study was conducted in 70 different areas in Tokat Province in the Black Sea Region, in the northern part of Turkey. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from the serum creatinine using MDRD formulas. CKD-defined estimated GFR was lower than 60 mL/min/1.73m(2). A total of 1,079 persons were included in this study (mean age 41.4 +/- 17 years [range: 18-95 years], 49.4% males, 50.6% living in an urban area). Of the 1,079 individuals, 5.28% were diabetic, 22.9% were obese, and 37.8% were hypertensive. CKD was found in 62 of them (5.75%). The prevalence of CKD was 5.58% in non-diabetics and 8.77% in diabetics. No significant differences were found between two groups. The prevalence of CKD was 3.77% in non-hypertensive individuals and 8.82% in hypertensive patients, and 4.46% in non-obese and 9.31% in obese. The evident significant differences were found between groups (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.004, respectively). The prevalence of CKD increased with age within our population. A salient observation was the markedly higher prevalence of CKD in females than males (p = 0.046). There was an inverse correlation between eGFR and age (r = 0.529, p < 0.0001). The overall prevalence of CKD was 5.75% in general population. The prevalence of CKD increased with age within our population. Age, gender, obesity and hypertension were found to be significant risk factors for development of CKD in our population.
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    Role of psychiatric disorders and irritable bowel syndrome in asthma patients
    (Hospital Clinicas, Univ Sao Paulo, 2011) Yilmaz, Ayse; Cumurcu, Birgul Elbozan; Tasliyurt, Turker; Sahan, Abdulkadir Geylani; Ustun, Yusuf; Etikan, Ilker
    OBJECTIVES: The goals of the study were the following: 1) to determine the frequency of psychiatric disorders and irritable bowel syndrome in patients with asthma and 2) to compare the frequency of these disorders in patients with asthma to their frequency in healthy controls. INTRODUCTION: Patients with asthma have a higher frequency of irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders. METHODS: We evaluated 101 patients with bronchial asthma and 67 healthy subjects. All subjects completed the brief version of the Bowel Symptoms Questionnaire and a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis disorders (SCID-I/CV). RESULTS: There were 37 cases of irritable bowel syndrome in the group of 101 stable asthma patients (36.6%) and 12 cases in the group of 67 healthy subjects (17.9%) (p = 0.009). Irritable bowel syndrome comorbidity was not related to the severity of asthma (p = 0.15). Regardless of the presence of irritable bowel syndrome, psychiatric disorders in asthma patients (52/97; 53.6%) were more common than in the control group (22/63, 34.9%) (p = 0.02). Although psychiatric disorders were more common in asthma patients with irritable bowel syndrome (21/35, 60%) than in those without irritable bowel syndrome (31/62, 50%), the difference was not significant (p = 0.34). In asthma patients with irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders, the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was lower than it was in those with no comorbidities (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Both irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders were more common in asthma patients than in healthy controls. Psychiatric disorders were more common in asthma patients with irritable bowel syndrome than in those without irritable bowel syndrome, although the differences failed to reach statistical significance. In asthma patients with IBS and psychiatric disorders, FEV(1)s were significantly lower than in other asthma patients. It is important for clinicians to accurately recognize that these comorbid conditions are associated with additive functional impairment.
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    Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels, dyslipidemia prevalence, and the factors that influence these parameters in a Turkish Population living in the province of Tokat
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2010) Cetin, Ilhan; Yildirim, Beytullah; Sahin, Semsettin; Sahin, Idris; Etikan, Ilker
    Aim: To determine the mean total LDL and HDL cholesterol values and trigliseride levels as well as dyslipidemia and the factors that influence the parameters mentioned above in the population living in the province of Tokat located in the Middle Black Sea (Northeastern) region of Turkey. Materials and methods: The study was performed in 58 rural and 12 urban residential areas. The 58 rural regions were selected using a cluster sampling method. A total of 1095 subjects were selected through a random sampling method. Results: The total serum cholesterol level was 186 +/- 42 mg/dL with 33.7% of the participants having hypercholesterolemia (>= 200 mg/dL). The HDL-cholesterol level was 42 +/- 11 mg/dL with 50.9% of the participants having low HDL-cholesterol levels (<40 mg/dL). The LDL cholesterol level was 119 +/- 37 mg/dL with 36.2% of the participants having high LDL-cholesterol levels (>= 130 mg/dl). The Triglyceride level was 142 +/- 82 mg/dL with 36.1% of the participants having high triglycerides levels (>= 150 mg/dL). The TC/HDL ratio was 4.7 +/- 1.4 with 36.3% of the participants having high TC/HDL ratio levels (>= 5). Conclusion: In agreement with previous studies, we found Turkish people have low HDL-C levels despite normal or near normal levels of TC and LDL-C.
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    Total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status in patients with major depression: Impact of antidepressant treatment
    (Wiley, 2009) Cumurcu, Birgul Elbozan; Ozyurt, Huseyin; Etikan, Ilker; Demir, Suleyman; Karlidag, Rifat
    Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) are associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to evaluate the impact of antidepressant treatment on TAC and TOS in MDD. Methods: Fifty-seven MDD patients and 40 healthy controls participated in the study. Serum TAC and TOS were measured both in patients and controls using Erel's methods. Patients were treated with antidepressant drugs for 12 weeks. The treatment course was evaluated using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in all patients. Results: TOS and oxidative stress index (OSI) were higher (P = 0.0001 for both) and TAC was lower (P = 0.0001) in the MDD group compared with those of the controls. After 3 months of antidepressant treatment, TOS and OSI were decreased and TAC was increased compared with the pretreatment values (P = 0.0001, for all). Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between the severity of the disease and serum TOS and OSI (r = 0.584, P = 0.0001; r = 0.636, P = 0.0001, respectively). A negative correlation was found between the severity of the disease and serum TAC (r = -0.553, P = 0.0001) at the pre-treatment stage. Conclusion: Treatment administered for 3 months to MDD patients increases TAC while decreasing TOS and OSI.