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    INCREASED PREVALENCE OF SCOLIOSIS IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL CASE-CONTROL STUDY
    (2025) Gözükara Bag, Harika Gözde; Ergen, Emre; Yolbas, Servet; Aydogdu, Mesude Seda; Kaya, Zeynep; Zontul, Sezgin; İnanç, Elif
    Aim: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is expected to cause an increased risk of scoliosis because it affects the axial skeleton asymmetrically. In this study, we compared the frequency of scoliosis in PsA patients with that in healthy controls (HC) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients. Thus, we aimed to explore whether scoliosis might be a clinical feature of PsA and to assess its potential role in differentiating PsA from axSpA. Material and Methods: The study included 60 PsA patients, 60 axSpA patients and 40 HC. All individu-als in the study were assessed for the presence of scoliosis by physical examination. Scoliosis radiog-raphy was performed in those with a positive scoliosis test on physical examination. The Cobb angle was measured using the appropriate method. A two-tailed significance level of 0.05 was considered in all analyses. Results: Within this research, the frequency of scoliosis in PsA patients was compared with the axSpA and HC groups. The Cobb angle value was notably higher in the PsA group compared to axSpA and HC (p=0.006 and p=0.007, respectively). On physical examination, scoliosis findings and coronal spinal curvature, were observed at elevated rates in the PsA group relative to the other two groups (p>0.05 for all, indicating no statistical significance). Scoliosis was more frequent in the PsA group than in the axSpA group (p=0.046). All scoliosis cases in PsA were in mild or moderate severity. Conclusion: Both the frequency of scoliosis and Cobb angle values were greater in PsA than those in axSpA. This outcome may be associated with the asymmetric involvement of lateral spinal structures typical of PsA. Overall, these results indicate that scoliosis could serve as a supportive marker for PsA and may aid in differentiating PsA from axSpA.
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    Investigation of virulence factors and molecular analysis of bacteria isolated from pharynx and appendix of children with appendicitis, and their effects on appendicitis development
    (2025) Duman, Yucel; Gözükara Bag, Harika Gözde; Gürünlüoğlu, Kubilay; Demircan, Mehmet; Ozkan, Ahmet Selim; Gürünlüoğlu, Semra; Tanriverdi, Elif Seren
    Acute appendicitis is an important pathology in children that requires urgent surgical intervention. Among the many factors that play a role in the pathogenesis of appendicitis, the role of microorganisms is important. In this study, we aimed to isolate bacteria from the appendicitis lumen and pharyngeal swab in children with appendicitis and to perform the molecular analysis of the most common species of bacteria isolated. The swab samples of 76 pediatric patients with suspected appendicitis were taken from the pharynx just before the surgery and from the appendix lumen during the surgery under sterile conditions and inoculated into appropriate media. Virulence gene characterization, molecular analysis, and genotype identification were performed on the most prevalent organism in both appendix and pharynx samples. Three groups were formed as negative appendectomy, complicated appendicitis, and non-complicated appendicitis. The same bacteria were isolated in both the pharynx and appendix lumen in 4 patients in the complicated group and in 2 patients in the non-complicated group. The most commonly isolated bacteria in the appendix lumen was Escherichia coli (E. coli). Highly pathogenic B2 E. coli was found in the appendix, and commensal-growing A phylogroup E. coli was found in the pharynx. We isolated the same type of bacteria in both the pharynx and appendiceal lumen in a significant proportion of patients, especially those with complicated appendicitis. Although they were the same species, they were strains from different genotypes and phylogroups, except for one. Bacteria isolated from the appendix lumen had more pathogenicity and virulence. We think that the reason for the isolation of bacteria not found in normal throat flora in complicated patients may be the deterioration of general body resistance. Therefore, for patients who are found to be complicated during surgery, the early addition of antibiotics effective against highly pathogenic, resistant strains of E. coli may be beneficial.
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    Relationship between methylation pattern of the SYN2 gene and schizophrenia
    (İnönü Üniversitesi, 2024) Fettahoglu, İbrahim ; Kartalcı, Şükrü; Gözükara Bag, Harika Gözde ; Acar, Ceren
    Objectives: Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disease, and its etiology is not exactly understood. DNA methylation is an important phenomenon that affects the rise of abnormal phe- notypes in many cases. Investigation of the association between DNA methylation and schizophrenia is crucial for elucidating the basis of schizophrenia. Previous association studies confirm that the SYN2 gene is a strong candidate gene for schizophrenia. In the current study, the relationship between the methylation status of the SYN2 gene and schizophrenia was investigated. The aim is to obtain crucial results for illuminating the effects of the SYN2 methylation changes in the etiology of schizophrenia. Methods: In light of this scientific information, we investi- gated the methylation status of three different CpG regions in the promoter of the SYN2 gene and compared them in healthy controls and schizophrenia patients. Thirty-three healthy controls and 36 schizophrenia patients were included in this study. Sequencing was performed using the pyrosequencing method to reveal the methylation pattern. Results: As a result of the statistical analysis, it was confirmed that there is a significant relationship between the methylation pattern of the SYN2 gene and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients showed more methylation in position 2 and position 3. Additionally, the average methylation ratio is increased in schizophrenia patients. Conclusions: We find an association between the DNA methylation pattern of the SYN2 gene and schizophrenia. These results can help to the understanding of the etiology of schizophrenia. Except for these, DNA methylation changes in the SYN2 gene in people who live in urban and rural areas can be one of the reasons for the different incidences of schizophrenia in these regions.