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Öğe Comparison of the effects of Argon and Neodymium: YAG laser iridotomy on cytokines in the rabbit aqueous humor(Wichtig Editore, 2002) Er, H; Doganay, S; Evereklioglu, C; Turkoz, Y; Gündüz, A; Borazan, M; Ozyalin, FPURPOSE. We compared the effects in rabbits of iridotomy using the argon or Nd:YAG laser on cytokines such as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). METHODS. Twenty pigmented rabbits (20 eyes) underwent argon and Nd:YAG iridotomy under general and topical anesthesia. Group 1 (10 right eyes) was treated with the argon laser and group 2 (10 right eyes) with the Nd:YAG laser, using an equal number of shots and the same laser parameters for each group. Left eyes in both groups were evaluated as controls. Aqueous humor specimens were collected from each eye preoperatively and 1 and 3 days postoperatively. RESULTS. Aqueous IL-6 and TNF-a levels rose more on day 1 in the Nd:YAG group than the argon group. IL-6 and TNF-a levels were significantly higher on days 1 and 3 than the pre-operative and control levels (p<0.05). TNF-alpha levels on day 1 were significantly lower in the Nd:YAG than the argon group. There were no significant differences between the two laser groups for IL-6 on days 1 and 3. IL-1beta and IL-8 did not change CONCLUSIONS. Our findings suggest that cytokines, particularly IL-6 and TNF-alpha, may be inflammatory mediators in the early inflammation following argon and Nd:YAG laser iridotomies. These results also indicate that cytokines contribute to the acute effects of Nd:YAG and argon laser applications on inflammation.Öğe Effects of NG-nitro L-arginine and corticosteroids on aqueous humor levels of nitric oxide and cytokines after cataract surgery(Elsevier Science Inc, 1999) Er, H; Gündüz, A; Turkoz, Y; Çigli, A; Isci, NPurpose: To assess the efficacy of nitric oxide synthesis (NOS) inhibitor, topical steroids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on aqueous levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines after cataract surgery. Setting: Research Laboratory, Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. Methods: Fifteen rabbits had intercapsular phacoemulsification and were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups: Group 1 was treated with topical prednisolone acetate 1% drops 5 times a day for 1 week; Group 2, flurbiprofen 0.03% drops 5 times a day for 1 week; Group 3, a 0.1 cc subconjunctival injection of NG-nitro L-arginine (L-NAME) (150 mg/kg) 1 day and 3 days after surgery. Three rabbits serving as controls received a subconjunctival injection of an equal volume of balanced salt solution (BSS(R)) at the same times as the L-NAME injections. Aqueous humor specimens were collected from each eye to determine NO and cytokine levels including interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-2R (IL-2R), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Results: The levels of IL-1 beta and IL-6 were higher in Group 2 and the control group than in Groups 1 and 3 at ail times. The differences were not statistically significant (P <.05), Nitric oxide and TNF-alpha levels in Groups 1 and 3 were significantly lower than in Groups 2 and the controls 1, 3, and 7 days postoperatively (P <.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest a strong inhibitory effect of NOS inhibitors and corticosteroids on aqueous levels of TNF-alpha and NO and no inhibitory effect on IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999; 25:794-799 (C) 1999 ASCRS and ESCRS.Öğe Incidence of keratoconus in subjects with vernal keratoconjunctivitis(Elsevier Science Inc, 2001) Totan, Y; Hepsen, IF; Çekiç, O; Gündüz, A; Aydin, EPurpose: To detect the incidence of keratoconus by videokeratography in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and to evaluate the clinical characteristics of VKC associated with keratoconus, Design: A prospective, cross-sectional (prevalence) study. Participants: Eighty-two consecutive subjects with the diagnosis of VKC, Methods: Both eyes of VKC subjects were investigated by videokeratography in comparison with slit-lamp biomicroscopy and keratometry, To detect keratoconus, corneal topography maps were examined with modified Robinowitz-McDonnell test. Main Outcome Measures: In this test, maps with central corneal power greater than 47.2 diopters and/or the inferosuperior asymmetry value greater than 1.4 were considered to have a keratoconus pattern. The findings of VKC were also recorded. Results: The distribution of clinical forms of VKC were as follows: 46.34% mixed, 43.90% palpebral, and 9.76% limbal types. Twenty-six (31.7%) of 82 subjects had complications with kerotopathy such as pseudogerontoxon, punctate keratitis, and shield ulcer. Forty-four eyes (26.8%) were detected as keratoconus by quantitative evaluation of videokeratography maps, 14 eyes (8.5%) by biomicroscopy, and 30 eyes (18.3%) by keratometry, The increased incidence of keratoconus was associated with male gender, long-standing disease, mixed and palpebral forms, and advanced corneal lesions. Conclusions: The higher incidence of keratoconus in our study compared with the previous reports may result from early detection of mild keratoconus by interpretation of color-coded videokeratographic maps with a sensitive quantitative method. (C) 2001 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.Öğe Lenticular astigmatism in tilted disc syndrome(Elsevier Science Inc, 2002) Gündüz, A; Evereklioglu, C; Er, H; Hepsen, IFPurpose: To evaluate whether an abnormal optic disc shape in patients with tilted disc syndrome (TDS) is associated with an abnormal configuration of the crystalline lens measured as lenticular astigmatism. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. Methods: This cross-sectional masked case-control study comprised 32 eyes of 32 patients with established TDS (13 men, 19 women; mean age 21.31 years +/- 7.05 [SD]) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (8 men, 12 women; mean age 22.65 +/- 7.11 years) with a comparable amount of myopic astigmatism (spherical equivalent) without TDS. The optic disc was morphometrically analyzed by planimetric evaluation of optic disc photographs. The total refractive and keratometric corneal astigmatism was obtained, and lenticular astigmatism was calculated by vector analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis; 1 eye of each patient was evaluated in both groups. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean spherical equivalent refraction was comparable in TDS patients (-4.73 +/- 1.12 diopters [D]) and controls (-4.28 +/- 1.29 D) (P = .210). The mean total astigmatism was higher in TDS patients (-2.96 +/- 1.04 D) than in the controls (-2.51 +/- 1.09 D), but the difference was not significant (P = .151). The mean corneal astigmatism was comparable in TDS patients (-2.07 +/- 0.83 D) and controls (-2.28 +/- 0.87 D) (P = .454), but the calculated mean lenticular astigmatism was significantly higher in TDS patients (-1.31 +/- 0.98 D and -0.20 +/- 0.35 D, respectively) (P < .001). Twenty-nine of 32 TDS patients (90.6%) had lenticular astigmatism; in 16 (50%), it was greater than -1.00 D. Lenticular astigmatism was present in 7 controls (35%); in 2 (10%), it was greater than -1.00 D. The mean keratometry was significantly higher in TDS patients (43.84 +/- 1.06 D) than in the controls (42.75 +/- 1.45 D) (P = .011). Conclusions: Clinically significant lenticular astigmatism was present in TDS patients. If an abnormal optic disc shape is found on ophthalmoscopy, lenticular astigmatism as well as corneal astigmatism should be carefully evaluated to prevent an unsatisfactory refractive outcome, especially in refractive surgery candidates. (C) 2002 ASCRS and ESCRS.Öğe Quantification of nitric oxide and cytokines in rabbit aqueous humor after neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy(Karger, 2000) Er, H; Gündüz, A; Çigli, A; Turkoz, Y; Cekmen, MPurpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R), interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor a on aqueous humor after neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy, Methods: Fifteen rabbits (30 eyes) with dense posterior capsule opacities underwent Nd:YAG capsulotomy 4 months after phacoemulsification cataract surgery. After general and topical anesthesia, Nd:YAG capsulotomy was performed using an equal number of shots and power setting on all eyes. Aqueous humor specimens were collected from each eye preoperatively and at 12, 24 and 48 h after the surgery to determine NO and cytokine levels. Results: The levels of NO and cytokines except IL-2R were significantly high as compared to preoperative levels in all eyes at 12 and 24 h postoperatively (p<0.05). Although the levels of NO and cytokines were higher than preoperative levels at 48 h, the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), Conclusion: These findings suggest that NO and cytokines appear to be potential inflammatory mediators in the occurrence of early inflammation following Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.
