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    Diversity on color and phenolic compounds in apricot fruits
    (Springer, 2017) Gundogdu, Muttalip; Ercisli, Sezai; Berk, Selma; Kan, Tuncay; Canan, Ihsan; Gecer, Mustafa Kenan
    Turkey dominate world apricot production for a long time sharing 23% of world fresh apricot production and the country also realizes 82% of the total dried apricot trade of the world. In this study, phenolic compounds and fruit skin color in eight apricot cultivars grown in Malatya province of Turkey and correlations between phenolic compounds and fruit skin color were determined. Among apricot cultivars, 'Wilson Delicious' was the most orange-colored fruit skin color. Pyrogallol and rutin were found to be predominant phenolic compounds for all cultivars. Pearson correlation coefficients between pyrogallol, catechol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epigallocatechin and b color values were found statistically significant (P < 0.01). 'Harcot' cultivar came into prominence because of high pyrogallol (1596.26 mu g g(-1)), catechol (119.89 mu g g(-1)), chlorogenic acid (281.44 mu g g(-1)), caffeic acid (167.86 mu g g(-1)) and epigallocatechin (132.46 mu g g(-1)) levels. Overall 'Ordubat' cultivar had the lowest phenolic compounds. Among the yellow-colored cultivars, 'Harcot' and 'Wilson Delicious' had the richest phenolic compounds among yellow and orange-colored cultivars, respectively.
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    Phenolic compounds and vitamins in wild and cultivated apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) fruits grown in irrigated and dry farming conditions
    (Soc Biolgia Chile, 2014) Kan, Tuncay; Gundogdu, Muttalip; Ercisli, Sezai; Muradoglu, Ferhad; Celik, Ferit; Gecer, Mustafa Kenan; Kodad, Ossama
    Background: Turkey is the main apricot producer in the world and apricots have been produced under both dry and irrigated conditions in the country. In this study, phenolic compounds and vitamins in fruits of one wild (Zerdali) and three main apricot cultivars ('Cataloglu', 'Hacihaliloglu' and 'Kabaasi') grown in both dry and irrigated conditions in Malatya provinces in Turkey were investigated. Results: The findings indicated that higher content of phenolic compounds and vitamins was found in apricot fruits grown in irrigated conditions. Among the cultivars, 'Cataloglu' had the highest rutin contents both in irrigated and dry farming conditions as 2855 mu g in irrigated and 6952 mu g per 100 g dried weight base in dry conditions and the highest chlorogenic acid content in irrigated and dry farming conditions were measured in fruits of 'Hacihaliloglu' cultivar as 7542 mu g and 15251 mu g per 100 g dried weight base. Vitamin C contents in homogenates of fruit flesh and skin was found to be higher than beta-caroten, retinol, vitamin E and lycopen contents in apricot fruits both in irrigated and dry farming conditions. Conclusion: The results suggested that apricot fruits grown in both dry and irrigated conditions had high health benefits phytochemicals and phytochemical content varied among cultivars and irrigation conditions as well. However, more detailed biological and pharmacological studies are needed for the demonstration and clarification of health benefits of apricot fruits.
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    Vitamins, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acid Levels in Early- and Late-ripening Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Cultivars from Turkey
    (Amer Soc Horticultural Science, 2013) Gundogdu, Muttalip; Kan, Tuncay; Gecer, Mustafa Kenan
    This study aimed at determination of vitamin (A, E, C, beta-carotene, and lycopene), phenolic, and flavonoid contents in apricots at different stages of ripening using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effect of ripening in terms of phytochemical contents was investigated. Early period apricots showed 2.5 to three times higher level of vitamins (A, E, C, and beta-carotene, and lycopene) in all types of apricots than others (P < 0.05). Early-ripened cultivar, Boccuia, showed the highest level of vitamins, although a higher level of vitamin C was measured in late-ripened cultivar Levent (P < 0.05). No lycopenes were determined in late-period apricots in contrary to early- and middle-period apricots. Levels of phenolics and flavonoids were measured in all types (3-B-Q-D, procyanidin B1, B2, B3, caffeic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, epigallocatechine, catechine, epictechine, chlorogenic acid, ferrulic acid, and routine) and statistical deviation of all types was noted (P < 0.05). Among all, the cultivar Ozal showed the highest level of chlorogenic acid (45,843.00 mu g.g(-1) dry matter) in all ripening periods, where middle-ripened cultivar Adilcevaz showed the lowest level of p-coumaric acid (7.93 mu g.g(-1) dry matter content base).