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Öğe Analysis of fibre reinforced concrete for road pavements on very weak soils(Croatian Soc Civil Engineers-Hsgi, 2023) Geckil, Tacettin; Tanyildizi, Mehmet Mahmut; Ince, Ceren BeyzaIn this paper, the effects of steel fibre usage on concrete pavement thickness and cost were investigated. Prepared fibrous concrete specimens were subjected to physical and mechanical tests. From the experiments, it was determined that as the steel fibre ratio increased, the workability and compressive strength of the specimens decreased, but the flexural and splitting tensile strengths increased. In addition, according to calculations made using the AASHTO 1993 design method, the concrete pavement thickness decreased in the range of 4.35 to 18.66 % with an increase in steel fibre, but the pavement cost increased by 56.50 to 74.07 %.Öğe Effect of Carbon Black on the High and Low Temperature Properties of Bitumen(Springer, 2018) Geckil, Tacettin; Ahmedzade, Perviz; Alatas, TanerIn the present study, the effect of carbon black (CB) as an additive on resistance of bitumen to delay or prevent rutting and low temperature cracking was investigated. For this purpose, different amounts of CB (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) were added into bitumen with PG 58-28. Conventional tests (penetration, softening point, Fraass breaking point, ductility, and kinematic viscosity) and Superpave binder tests (rotational viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer, and bending beam rheometer test) were carried out to determine the physical and rheological properties of pure and modified bitumens. In addition, high and low temperature performance grades of pure and modified bitumens were identified according to Superpave binder specification. The results indicated that the addition of CB increased the stiffness and resistance of bitumen to rutting at high temperatures and resistance to thermal cracking at low temperatures of bitumen. Finally, the bitumen becomes more elastic and less susceptible to temperature changes.Öğe EFFECTS OF CARBON FIBRE ON PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT MIXTURES(Riga Technical Univ-Rtu, 2020) Geckil, Tacettin; Ahmedzade, PervizIn this study, the effects of carbon fibre on improving the performance characteristics of asphalt mixtures were investigated. To this end, four percentages of carbon fibre (0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7% by weight of bitumen) were used as an additive in asphalt mixtures. The mechanical properties of prepared mixture specimens were investigated using tests such as Marshall Stability and flow, Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus, Creep Stiffness, Indirect Tensile Strength, and moisture resistance. The results of tests applied to asphalt mixtures showed that the carbon fibre additive increased the resistance to shear stress by 25%, the fatigue life by 51% at 40 degrees C and the permanent deformation resistance by 2.25 times at 60 degrees C. It also improved the resistance of mixtures to moisture damage by increasing the durability and cohesion of asphalt mixtures. Experimental results indicated that the carbon fibre provided a positive contribution to the performance properties of asphalt pavements.Öğe Evaluation of prina for use in asphalt modification(Elsevier, 2022) Geckil, Tacettin; Issi, Semih; Ince, Ceren BeyzaIn this study, the usability of prina, which is a biomass waste, in asphalt modification was evaluated by investigating its effects on the physical, rheological, microstructural and chemical characteristics of asphalt binder. For this, modified asphalt binders were obtained by adding prina (wt. 5, 10, 15, 20 %) to pure B160/220 penetration class asphalt. The properties of the pure and modified binder samples were determined by exposure to penetration, ductility, softening point, dynamic shear rheometer, rotational viscometer, bending beam rheometer, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis tests. According to the physical test results, with the addition of 15 % prina, the penetration and ductility values of asphalt binders decreased by 26.4 % and 14.4 %, respectively, and the softening point values increased by 11.3 %. In addition, it was observed that the temperature sensitivity of the binder decreased by 58.2 % at this rate and the penetration class changed to B 100/150. The rheological test results showed that the permanent deformation (rutting) resistance of binders with 15 % prina added in particular increased at 6 degrees C higher temperatures compared to pure asphalt, and the prina modified binders behaved like a more elastic solid despite hardening. Chemical characterization results showed that prina additive contributed to the increase in the flexibility of modified binders due to its cellulosic and flexible structure. As a result, it is evaluated that prina can be used as a remedial additive in asphalt modification and contribute to the increase of pavement performance, and also that the damage of this waste material to the environment can be eliminated.Öğe Investigation of Shear Complex Modulus and Phase Angle Values of Short- and Long-term Aged Polymer Modified Bitumens at Different Frequencies(Korean Society Of Civil Engineers-Ksce, 2014) Alatas, Taner; Yilmaz, Mesude; Kuloglu, Necati; Cakiroglu, Mehmet; Geckil, TacettinIn this study, modified bitumens were prepared by mixing two types of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS-D and SBS-M) and Ethylene-Vinyl-Acetate (EVA) with B 160/220 base bitumen 3% by weight. The short- and long-term aging processes were applied to base and modified binders with rolling thin film oven test and pressure aging vessel, respectively. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test conducted at different temperatures and frequencies showed that while the shear complex modulus (G*) of unaged, short- and long-term aged binders reduced, the phase angle (delta) of those increased. The shear complex modulus values increased and the phase angle values decreased by the effect of aging and increase in frequency. The G*/sin delta values increased with the addition of modifiers to the base bitumen. Comparison of modifiers demonstrated that the effective modifier type shows variety according to frequency, temperature and aging conditions.Öğe Laboratory evaluation of oak ash waste for use in hot mix asphalt modification(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Geckil, Tacettin; Ince, Ceren Beyza; Aksagan, ZulfukarIn this study, the effect of Oak Ash (OA), a biomass waste, on the mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA) was investigated and its usability in road engineering was evaluated. For this purpose, firstly, various physical and chemical properties of B70/100 penetration class pure asphalt, OA and crushed limestone aggregate were determined. Then, the optimum asphalt content (OAC) of the mixture was determined according to the Marshall mix design method using aggregate and pure asphalt. Based on this determined content, pure and OA added (1%, 2%, 4% and 6% by weight of asphalt) modified hot mix specimens were prepared. Pure and OA added modified mixture specimens were subjected to Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength (ITS), moisture damage, indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM), static-dynamic creep and calorie tests. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that the OA additive has an improving effect on all mechanical properties of the mixtures, especially on the permanent deformation resistance at high temperatures. It is considered that the use of this additive at a rate of 2% in the hot mixture can increase the resistance of the pavement against deterioration and reduce the maintenance and repair costs of the road.Öğe Model studies on recycled whole rubber tyre reinforced granular fillings on weak soil(Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Escuela Construccion Civil, 2022) Geckil, Tacettin; Sarici, Talha; Ok, BahadirThe main purpose of this study is to determine the stress-strain behaviour of a rigid circular footing placed on recycled rubber tyre-reinforced granular filling built on weak soil. For this purpose, model plate loading tests were carried out on reinforced/unreinforced granular filling built with natural aggregates (NA) or construction and demolition waste materials (CDW). The rubber tyre used for reinforcement has become a waste material by completing its service life but it has retained its typical cylindrical shape. In model plate loading tests, the effects of the granular fillings, the type of fillings material and the placement of whole rubber tyre and/or geotextile in the granular fillings were investigated. Depending on the results of tests, it was determined that the bearing capacity was increased by reinforcing with the rubber tyre and/or the geotextile. Furthermore, it was specified that the highest increase in bearing capacity was occurred case of by reinforcing with the geotextile together with the rubber tyre of the granular filling. The CDW and the NA fills reinforced with geotextile together with the rubber tyre increased the bearing capacity of weak soils by 6.59 and 8.49 times, respectively, for the 5% deformation ratio. On the other hand, it was reported that although the bearing capacity of the NA was higher than that of the CDW, the bearing capacity of the reinforced CDW approached that of the NA.Öğe Moisture Resistance of Bituminous Hot Mixtures Modified with Waste PET(Gazi Univ, 2021) Geckil, Tacettin; Onal, Yunus; Ince, Ceren BeyzaIn this study, effect of waste PET additive on moisture damage resistance of bituminous hot mixtures were investigated. For this purpose, firstly, 2.5% by weight Triethanolamine (TEO/TEOA) chemical was added to pure B 70/100 bitumen to create a chemical bond between bitumen and PET. Then, modified bitumens were obtained by adding waste PET in the ratios of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% by weight of bitumen to this bitumen-TEO blend. Modified bitumen samples were subjected to X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests to determine the interaction between bitumen and PET. In the second stage of the study, the optimum bitumen content (obc) of the mixture was determined according to Marshall mixture design method using pure bitumen and aggregate. Modified mixture specimens were prepared by keeping this bitumen ratio constant in order to compare it with pure (control) mixture results. The mixture specimens prepared were subjected to Marshall stability and flow, retained Marshall stability (RMS) and indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests. According to the test results, it was observed that bitumen tends to harden with the addition of waste PET and a good chemical interaction occurs between bitumen and PET. In addition, it was observed that the waste PET additive did not have a serious effect on the Marshall stability and flow value of the mixtures, but increased the moisture damage resistance of the mixtures by generating significant increases in RMS and indirect tensile strength ratio (ITSR) values.Öğe Performance properties of asphalt modified with reactive terpolymer(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Geckil, Tacettin; Seloglu, MaksutThis study aims to investigate the function and impact of the reactive terpolymer (Elvaloy (R) RET) in improving the performance properties of modified bitumens. To this end, four different percentages of Elvaloy (R) RET (0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0% by weight of bitumen) were mixed with 8-100/150 grade bitumen. The physical properties of these binder samples were investigated using conventional tests such as penetration, softening point and ductility while their rheological properties were investigated using Superpave binder tests such as rotational viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer test. The determination of high and low temperature performance grades of binder samples were supplied with the Superpave specification. The findings indicate that Elvaloy (R) RET-modified bitumens were less sensitive to temperature changes. Elvaloy (R) RET significantly improved the stiffness of bitumen. It also improved the resistance of bitumen against rutting and fatigue cracking, without causing a serious decrease in the resistance of bitumen against thermal cracking. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Physical, Chemical, Microstructural and Rheological Properties of Reactive Terpolymer-Modified Bitumen(Mdpi, 2019) Geckil, TacettinIn this study, the change in the physical, chemical, microstructural, and rheological properties of a road bitumen modified with reactive terpolymer (ElvaloyA (R) RET) was investigated. For this purpose, four different ElvaloyA (R) RET percentages (0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% by wt.) were mixed with B 160/220 bitumen. Firstly, the obtained samples were subjected to a short and long-term aging process using a rotating thin-film oven test and pressurized aging vessel, respectively. Then, the engineering characteristics of the samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and conventional and Superpave bitumen tests. The results showed that ElvaloyA (R) RET reacted with the main macromolecular groups in the bitumen, and that the modified bitumens behaved as a homogenous single phase structure as a result of this reaction. Conventional tests showed that ElvaloyA (R) RET-modified bitumens were much harder than pure bitumen and had better aging resistance. Furthermore, the penetration classes of these bitumens changed and their temperature sensitivities decreased significantly. Rheological tests showed that the ElvaloyA (R) RET additive increased the resistance of the bitumen against fatigue cracking and particularly permanent deformation. Moreover, the high temperature performance class of the bitumen also increased. However, parallel to the hardening of the bitumen, a reduction in its resistance to cracking at low temperature was observed.Öğe Physical, rheological and microstructural properties of waste LDPE and TEOA modified bitumens(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Geckil, Tacettin; Ince, Ceren Beyza; Tanyildizi, Mehmet MahmutIn this study, low density polyethylene (LDPE) and triethanolamine (TEOA) were used together by applying a different process in order to obtain a good chemical interaction between LDPE and bitumen in bitumen modification and the effects of this interaction on the performance properties of bitumen were investigated. For this purpose, modified bitumens were obtained by adding 2.5 wt% TEOA and different proportions (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) of waste LDPE to pure B 70/100 bitumen. Physical and rheological properties of pure and modified bitumens were determined by conventional and Superpave tests, and microstructural characterizations were determined by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR spectroscopy tests. As a result of the tests, it was observed that phase separation disappeared by forming a good chemical interaction between bitumen and LDPE. In addition, it has been determined that with the addition of LDPE, the binders come to a hard consistency and their temperature sensitivity decreases, but they retain their elasticity properties. It was determined that especially 4% LDPE added binders showed a significant increase in permanent deformation, fatigue and thermal crack resistance, which are performance properties at high, intermediate, and low temperatures, respectively.Öğe The Workability and Permanent Deformation Resistance of Pirina Modified Bitumens at High Temperatures(Gazi Univ, 2022) Geckil, Tacettin; Ince, Ceren Beyza; Issi, SemihIn this study, the effect of pirina, which is an agricultural waste, on the workability and permanent deformation resistance of bituminous binders at high temperatures were investigated. For this purpose, firstly, modified bitumens were obtained by adding 5, 10, 15 and 20% by weight of pirina to pure B 160/220 bitumen. Physical properties of pure and modified bitumens are determined by penetration, softening point and ductility tests; fluidity and workability properties at high temperatures by the rotational viscometer (RV) test; the permanent deformation resistance of the binders by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test; their chemical characterizations were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. According to the physical and RV test results, it was observed that the binders tended to harden, their viscosity decreased and the workability temperatures increased accordingly. In addition, it has been determined that the temperature sensitivity of the binders decreases with the addition of pirina. According to DSR test results, the resistance of pure bitumen against permanent deformations at 58 degrees C high temperature increased to 64 degrees C, especially by 15% due to the increase in the additive of pirina. According to the chemical characterization results, it was observed that the bitumen-pirina blend formed a homogeneous single-phase structure and the blend became an elastic structure despite hardening due to the cellulosic structure of the raw pirina. As a result, it was observed that the workability of the binders hardened with the pirina additive, but their resistance to permanent deformation at high temperatures increased.
