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Öğe Comparative assessment of ZIF-based electrochemical sensors for Cabotegravir detection in environmental, biological, and pharmaceutical samples(Elsevier, 2025) Genc, Asena Ayse; Bugday, Nesrin; Bouali, Wiem; Erk, Nevin; Naser, Marwah; Duygulu, Ozgur; Yasar, SedatThe analysis of biological and environmental samples for drug quantification is a significant task in drug discovery. This study presents a comparative electrochemical evaluation of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIF11 and ZIF-12) for the sensitive detection of Cabotegravir in environmental, biological, and pharmaceutical samples. Electrochemical sensors were developed using ZIF-11 and ZIF-12-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), demonstrating enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward CAB oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed that ZIF-12/GCE exhibited a lower peak separation potential and reduced charge transfer resistance compared to ZIF-11/GCE and bare GCE, attributing the superior electron transfer kinetics to the Co metal center in ZIF-12. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) allowed for the quantification of CAB over a wide linear range (0.04 - 10.3 mu M) with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.15 nM. The sensors were successfully applied for CAB determination in real samples, including human serum, urine, pharmaceutical formulations, and environmental water (lake and tap water), demonstrating excellent accuracy, repeatability, and selectivity against common interferents. These findings establish ZIF-12/GCE as a promising electrochemical platform for CAB detection across diverse sample matrices, with potential applications in environmental monitoring and pharmaceutical analysis.Öğe First electrochemical analysis of acalabrutinib via heterostructure porous carbon matrix contains multimetals(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Bugday, Nesrin; Genc, Asena Ayse; Bouali, Wiem; Erk, Nevin; Yasar, SedatA novel electrochemical sensor based on a NiZn/Co heterostructure embedded in nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NiZn/Co@NPC) was successfully developed for the sensitive determination of Acalabrutinib (ACA). The NiZn/ Co@NPC nanocomposite was synthesized using Ni/Zn@ZIF as a precursor, ensuring the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles within the porous carbon matrix, as confirmed by XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses. The incorporation of multi-metallic active sites and the high surface area of the porous carbon significantly enhanced electron transfer, minimized nanoparticle aggregation, and improved electrochemical performance. The NiZn/Co@NPCmodified glassy carbon electrode (NiZn/Co@NPC/GCE) exhibited superior sensitivity compared to the bare electrode, with a wide linear detection range (0.5-5.0 mu M), a low detection limit (0.03 mu M), and excellent repeatability (RSD = 1.4 %) and reproducibility (RSD = 2.0 %). The sensor demonstrated high selectivity against potential interferents, confirming its robustness for real-world applications. Analytical validation in pharmaceutical capsules, spiked urine, and plasma samples using the standard addition method yielded recoveries ranging from 99.4 % to 101.9 %, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the electrochemical method. The incorporation of multi-metallic active sites and creation of more electroactive surface area in the porous carbon by doping different redox active metals leads to significantly enhanced charge transfer, minimized nanoparticle aggregation, and improved electrochemical performance.Öğe Novel Electrochemical Approaches for Anticancer Drug Monitoring: Application of CoS@Nitrogen-Doped Amorphous Porous Carbon Composite in Nilotinib Detection(Amer Chemical Soc, 2024) Yildir, Merve; Genc, Asena Ayse; Bugday, Nesrin; Erk, Nevin; Peighambardoust, Naeimeh Sadat; Aydemir, Umut; Yasar, SedatA novel composite containing CoS and nitrogen-doped amorphous porous carbon (NAPC), denoted as CoS@NAPC, was successfully synthesized from a mixture of cobalt-based ZIF-12 and sulfur through one-pot pyrolysis. The morphology and microstructure of the composites are evaluated with appropriate spectroscopic techniques. CoS@NAPC was used to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to detect Nilotinib. Under optimized conditions, the GCE electrode modified with CoS@NAPC showed a low limit of detection (LOD) of 11.8 ng/mL and two wide linear concentration ranges of 59.7-1570 and 1570-11200 ng/mL for the determination of Nilotinib. GCE electrode modified with CoS@NAPC has excellent recoveries ranging from 98.41 to 102.03% for real samples, demonstrating its superior analytical performance. The enhanced performance of CoS@NAPC as an electrochemical sensor may stem from the combined action of two key components: CoS, known for its potent reactivity toward Nilotinib, and NAPC, which offers a consistent conductive carbon matrix. CoS contributes to its reactivity, while NAPC facilitates electron transfer during Nilotinib detection. This synergistic effect likely underlies the superior sensor performance observed.Öğe Pioneering electrochemical detection unveils erdafitinib: a breakthrough in anticancer agent determination(Springer Wien, 2024) Yildir, Merve Hatun; Genc, Asena Ayse; Erk, Nevin; Bouali, Wiem; Bugday, Nesrin; Yasar, Sedat; Duygulu, OzgurThe successful fabrication is reported of highly crystalline Co nanoparticles interconnected with zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-12) -based amorphous porous carbon using the molten-salt-assisted approach utilizing NaCl. Single crystal diffractometers (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirm the codoped amorphous carbon structure. Crystallite size was calculated by Scherrer (34 nm) and Williamson-Hall models (42 nm). The magnetic properties of NPCS (N-doped porous carbon sheet) were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The NPCS has a magnetic saturation (Ms) value of 1.85 emu/g. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses show that Co/Co3O4 nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed in the carbon matrix. While a low melting point eutectic salt acts as an ionic liquid solvent, ZIF-12, at high temperature, leading cobalt nanoparticles with a trace amount of Co3O4 interconnected by conductive amorphous carbon. In addition, the surface area (89.04 m2/g) and pore architectures of amorphous carbon embedded with Co nanoparticles are created using the molten salt approach. Thanks to this inexpensive and effective method, the optimal composite porous carbon structures were obtained with the strategy using NaCl salt and showed distinct electrochemical performance on electrochemical methodology revealing the analytical profile of Erdatifinib (ERD) as a sensor modifier. The linear response spanned from 0.01 to 7.38 mu M, featuring a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.36 nM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 11.2 nM. The developed sensor was examined in terms of selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. The fabricated electrode was utilized for the quantification of Erdafitinib in urine samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms. This research provides a fresh outlook on the advancements in electrochemical sensor technology concerning the development and detection of anticancer drugs within the realms of medicine and pharmacology.Öğe Superior Electrochemical Sensor Application of Co3O4/C Heterostructure in Rapid Analysis of Anticancer Drug Palbociclib in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids(Amer Chemical Soc, 2024) Vural, Ozgul; Bugday, Nesrin; Genc, Asena Ayse; Erk, Nevin; Duygulu, Ozgur; Yasar, SedatIn this work, we report a study examining how different salt concentrations affect the structure and electrochemical performance of two Co3O4/C materials designed for the fabrication of an easy, cheap, fast, safe, and useful electrochemical sensor for the detection of Palbociclib (PLB). Co3O4 nanoparticles were successfully created by encapsulating them in N-doped amorphous carbon matrices by using the molten salt-assisted approach. In this process, different amounts of potassium iodate and zeolitic imidazolate framework-12 (ZIF-12) were used, followed by pyrolysis at 800 degrees C. Optimum Co3O4 embedded porous carbon structures were obtained, and the composite with the highest electrochemical properties was modified to a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface for PLB detection. The linear response spanned from 1.0 to 5.0 mu M, featuring a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.122 mu M and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.408 mu M; the correlation coefficient was calculated as 0.995. The high sensitivity of the method in detecting PLB in pharmaceutical samples and human urine demonstrated its feasibility, with recovery percentages ranging from 99.3% to 101.3% and relative standard deviation (RSD) values of <3%. Therefore, this technique will make a significant contribution to monitoring and improving existing cancer treatment options.Öğe Synthesis of Co/Co3O4 Heterostructure in N-Doped Porous, Amorphous Carbon: A Superior Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Determination of Alectinib in Various Fluids(Amer Chemical Soc, 2024) Bugday, Nesrin; Gabiam, Edoh Nicodeme; Erk, Nevin; Bay, M. Soner; Genc, Asena Ayse; Duygulu, Ozgur; Yasar, SedatHighly crystallized Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles embedded in an N-doped amorphous carbon matrix have been successfully fabricated by the molten-salt-assisted method using KClO3 and zeolitic imidazolate framework-12 (ZIF-12). Pyrolysis of ZIF-12 with different concentrations of KClO3 leads to embedded Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles in a conductive amorphous carbon network. The impact of salt concentration on the morphology and electrochemical performance of these composites was investigated for electrochemical sensor applications. By employing a straightforward and efficient technique, Co/Co3O4 heterostructures were successfully synthesized in N-doped porous amorphous carbon. The Co/Co3O4 carbon heterostructures were optimized by varying the salt concentration, resulting in a significant electrochemical sensor performance for detecting ALC in both bulk and biological fluids. The sensor demonstrates excellent sensitivity (62.97 nmol/L) and selectivity toward ALC, with a wide linear range (0.2-2 mu M) and a low detection limit (18.89 nM). Furthermore, it displays remarkable stability and reproducibility, positioning it as a strong contender for practical use in pharmaceutical analysis and biomedical research. This study presents a significant advancement in electrochemical sensing technology and underscores the potential of Co/Co3O4 heterostructures in the development of high-performance sensors for detecting bioactive compounds in complex matrices.Öğe Synthesis of cobalt selenide composite material: A novel platform of the electrochemical sensor for sensitive determination of Upadacitinib(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Genc, Asena Ayse; Bouali, Wiem; Bugday, Nesrin; Yasar, Sedat; Erk, NevinThis study investigates the first electrochemical determination of Upadacitinib (UPA), a potent Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor with remarkable efficacy in treating various inflammatory disorders, utilizing a GCE modified with a composite material comprising Co6.8Se8 embedded in porous carbon (Co6.8Se8@NPC). Simultaneously, a novel Co6.8Se8@NPC composite was synthesized using a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-12) via a one -pot synthesis method. The characterizations confirmed that Co6.8Se8@NPC is uniformly dispersed within the porous carbon network. Leveraging the applications of Metal -Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives, Co6.8Se8@NPC was explored for the determination of UPA. The electrochemical behavior of UPA was systematically investigated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, upon modifying the GCE with the Co6.8Se8@NPC composite. These materials significantly enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for Upadacitinib detection. Compared with the unmodified electrode, the Co6.8Se8@NPC/GCE exhibited a notable catalytic effect towards the oxidation of UPA, as evidenced by the appearance of an irreversible oxidative peak at a reduced potential and an enhancement in current. The developed method exhibited exceptional performance characteristics with a broad linear range, and low limits of detection and quantification. Moreover, the sensor exhibits good selectivity, repeatability, and stability. Furthermore, the investigation extended to the determination of Upadacitinib in pharmaceutical and biological samples, underscoring the practical applicability of the modified GCE in real -world scenarios.
