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    Differences in linguistic features of spontaneous speech: The Case of Obama's Speeches at the London, Toronto and Cannes G-20 Summit Press Conferences
    (Cukurova Univ, 2014) Genc, Bilal; Goksu, Ali; Buyukkarci, Kagan
    The research presented in this paper aimed to investigate the linguistic and discourse characteristics of Mr. Obama's press conferences held after the G-20 summits in London in 2009, in Toronto in 2010 and in Cannes in 2011. The President's speeches consist of two main sections: (1) the first section during which he spoke about his plans to deepen international connections and the second during which he answered the questions of journalists from different nationalities-question/answer session considered as spontaneous speech text and labeled a TC, LC and CC. Using concordance software, the number of types and tokens and the type-token ratio were calculated. The results show that although the number of tokens decreases chronically, in terms of the qualitative analysis all speeches display similar characteristics regarding vocabulary variation.
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    Epicene pronoun usage in the social sciences: The case of research articles
    (Elsevier, 2021) Yakut, Ilyas; Genc, Bilal; Bada, Erdogan
    Language is subject to change in almost all dimensions, albeit slowly in some dimensions and relatively quickly in others. With changes unfolding in society, the reflection of emerging linguistic shifts in the language employed in speaking and writing might be traced through language analysis. This study dealt with the latter with a specific reference to the use of epicene pronouns in English academic writing, i.e., its status in the early 2010s, how it progressed through the end of the decade, and its present status in the field. Therefore, we analysed five scholarly journals from the social sciences, all of which were indexed in the Web of Science between 2010 and 2019. All issues of these five journals were perused with a specific focus on the pronouns used to refer to gender-unknown individuals. The results indicate that a notable change has occurred in the social sciences, which suggests that the awareness of and sensitivity to this matter has invited the attention of both writers and editors in regard to observing gender neutrality.
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    Pausing Preceding and Following que in the Production of Native Speakers of French
    (Assoc Canadienne Linguistique Appliquee, 2011) Genc, Bilal; Mavasoglu, Mustafa; Bada, Erdogan
    Pausing strategies in read and spontaneous speech have been of significant interest for researchers since in literature it was observed that read speech and spontaneous speech pausing patterns do display some considerable differences. This, at least, is the case in the English language as it was produced by native speakers. As to what may be the case in French, this study was conducted with a specific focus on the que particle. The study reports on the audio recordings produced by native speakers of French (NSF), and aims to identify different silent pausing strategies as they were employed by these speakers. The audio recordings were provided in a twofold procedure: while 17 NSF watched the French version of the animated cartoon, Scrooge, and then commented on its various themes, 10 of these participants read a short story, Les Jumeaux aloud to a digital audio recorder. Considerable attention was given to pausing preceding (PP) and following (PF) the que particle in que phrases as well as to the duration of this particle. Obtained results display significant differences between pausing preceding and following que both in spontaneous and read speech. Pausing preceding que was observed to be significantly longer than the following position in read speech, in spontaneous speech, however, it was just the opposite.