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Öğe Determination of some chemical and physical properties of Sakiz faba bean (Vicia faba L. Var. major)(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2003) Haciseferogullari, H; Gezer, I; Bahtlyarca, Y; Menges, HOIn this study, some chemical and physical properties of faba bean (Vicia faba L. Var. major) grown up in Antalya region have been determined. Chemical properties such as dry matter, total energy, crude protein, crude cellulose, crude oil, mineral elements-Ca, P, K, Na, S, Al, Ba-and physical properties such as dimensions, weight, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, volume, porosity, projected area, 1000 grain mass, terminal velocity and the rupture strength of grains involved in the study. The total energy, crude protein, crude cellulose and crude oil contents (as percentage in dry matter) of faba bean are found as 18.87 MJ/kg, 29.63%, 6.39% and 1.06% respectively, and all elements determined in the research are listed in the text. The values of length, width, thickness, weight, geometric mean diameter and sphericity of faba bean are determined as 20.39, 14.54, 7.86 mm, 1.31 g, 13.25 mm and 0.651 for 10.90% moisture content, respectively. In the some moisture content, projected area, volume, 1000 grain mass, bulk density, kernel density, porosity and terminal velocity were measured as 2.79 cm(2), 1210 mm(3), 1349.34 g, 608.17 kg/m(3), 1248 kg/m(3), 51.48%, 4.94 m/s respectively. In addition, the rupture strength values of faba bean grains were varied between 310.83 and 542.38 N. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Mechanical harvesting of apricots(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2003) Erdogan, D; Güner, M; Dursun, E; Gezer, IAn inertia type limb shaker hydraulically, powered and driven by the tractor power take-off, was designed and constructed for the mechanical harvesting of apricots. The study included some properties of apricot fruits, the apparent stiffness with respect to limb diameter, the time needed to shake a limb, optimum frequency and amplitude to obtain maximum fruit removal with minimum reactive force, limb amplitude, the effects of limb and tree properties on the fruit removal percentage, fruit damage, harvesting rate of the shaker; and comparisons with other harvesting methods. Harvesting rate was calculated by weighing both the harvested and unharvested apricot fruits. Fruit damage was evaluated from the modulus of elasticity of apricot fruit before and after harvesting. In order to study fruit damage, the effect of surface of different materials were examined: plastic canvas; nylon; and sponge. In the tests, the limbs were shaken at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mm amplitude of the connecting rod attached to the crankshaft and 10, 15 and 20 Hz frequencies for optimum shaking time. The results were analysed according to the maximum fruit removal percentage. The limb amplitude was calculated using the apparent stiffness, masses of shaking mechanism, shaker arm and reduced mass of limb. Shaking time, frequency and amplitude for a limb were found as 5 s, 15 Hz, and 40 mm, respectively. Limb position, limb length and tree size affected the fruit removal percentage at the 5% significance level. The least fruit damage was obtained with the plastic canvas catching surface. The time required to harvest an apricot tree by hand and by traditional and mechanical harvesting methods were 400, 20, and 6 min, respectively. The inertia type limb shaker showed great promise and did not cause any damage to the limb and bark. (C) 2003 Silsoe Research Institute. All rights reserved Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.Öğe Some physical properties of Hacihaliloglu apricot pit and its kernel(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2003) Gezer, I; Haciseferogullari, H; Demir, FPhysical properties of apricot pits and apricot kernels are necessary for the design of equipments for processing. transportation. sorting, breaking and separating. In this study, some physical properties of pits and kernels of Hacihaliloglu apricots were evaluated as a function of moisture content varying from 6.79% to 36.19%, d.b. for apricot pits and from 6.95% to 38.76% d.b. for apricot kernels. In apricot pits. dimensional properties and weight increased: the sphericity decreased from 0,6537 to 0.6526: the 1000 grain mass increased from 1720 to 2028 g bulk density increased form 463 to 581 kg/m(3); grain volume increased from 1626 to 1746 mm(3): volume weight increased from 1053 to 1161 kg/m(3): terminal velocity increased from 7.11 to 7.76 m/s: the projected area increased from 2.985 to 3.539 cm(2) the porosity increased from 43.96% to 50.03%,, the rupture strength of apricot pits decreased from 514.03 to 315.89 N; and the coefficient of static friction of apricot pits increased as the moisture content increased. In apricot kernels, however, dimensional properties and weight increased: the sphericity increased from 0.5879 to 0.7164: the 1000 grain mass increased from 473 to 616 g: bulk density decreased from 559 to 545 kg/m(3): grain volume increased from 497 to 573 mm(3); true density increased front 1003 to 1094 kg/m(3): terminal velocity increased from 5.37 to 6.68 m/s the projected area increased from 1.293 to 1.519 cm(2): the porosity decreased from 55.70% to 49.70% rupture strength of apricot kernels decreased from 63.28 to 44.13 N; and the coefficient of static friction increased as the moisture content increased. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe The study of work process and determination of some working parameters in an apricot pit processing plant in Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2002) Gezer, I; Dikilitas, SIn this study, it is aimed to study the work process and to determine the work capacity, work effectiveness, energy consumption and labor force requirements of basic units such as washing, sorting, breaking and separating units in an apricot pit breaking and separating plant which has been mechanized in the last 2-3 years. As a result of this study, the work capacity in washing, sorting, breaking, drying, separating units was found to be 1.5, 1.5, 2, 1, 1.6 t/h, respectively. The work effectiveness in sorting and breaking units was found to be 95% and that of separating unit was 99%. The total energy consumption of the units was found to be 20.42 kW/h and the total labor force requirement was found to be five workers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Use of energy and labour in apricot agriculture in Turkey(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2003) Gezer, I; Acaroglu, M; Haciseferogullari, HTurkey is the biggest apricot producer in the world with 538,000 t production per annum and 20.15% market share. Moreover, 83% of the dried apricots in world markets are produced in Turkey. In this research; the energy budget of traditionally applied apricot agriculture-one of the means of subsistence in Malatya region of Turkey-is evaluated. Total yield apricot mass/pit mass ratio and apricot fruit yield with respect to dried substance are found to-be 20, 14/1 and 4.82 t/ha, respectively. Total energy input, total energy output, output/input ratio and net energy ratio are found to be 22341, 75265 MJ/ha, 3.37 and 2.37, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
