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    Influence of daytime napping on hormonal and psychometric variables of professional male basketball players during increased game frequency period crossing Ramadan intermittent fasting: a crossover research design with repeated assessments
    (Mre Press, 2024) Brini, Seifeddine; Granacher, Urs; Gonzalez, Julio Calleja; Badicu, Georgian; Yagin, Fatma H.; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Gonzalez, Javier Raya
    A diurnal nap during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) could significantly reduce fatigue. This study aimed to assess the effects of a 45-min daytime nap on hormonal and psychometric variables during an increased basketball game frequency period that crosses RIF. 28 participants from two professional basketball clubs were selected. Participants were divided into two groups: a 45-min nap group (NAP, n = 14) and an active control group (CON, n = 14). Both groups experienced an increased game frequency when crossing the RIF. During week 1 and 4 of RIF, players were assessed for testosterone to cortisol ratio, body composition (body mass, body mass index and body fat percentage), sleep quality index survey results, well-being indices (sleep, fatigue, stress and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)), weekly internal training load (session rating of perceived exertion (RPE)), heart rate frequency, dietary intake and recovery state (Total Quality Recovery (TQR)). In this study, a group-by-time interaction (p = 0.02, effect size (ES) = 0.35, small) was observed for RPE, although NAP showed a lower value. Significant group-by-time interactions for TQR and DOMS (p = 0.02, ES = 0.38, small; p = 0.04, ES = 0.30, small; p = 0.045, ES = 0.28, small), with a better value of NAP. A 45-min nap during an increased game frequency period crossing RIF may improve professional basketball performance by providing a better way for recovery.
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    The effects of a combined recovery strategy during a match-congested period crossing Ramadan: a repeated measurements crossover study among professional male basketball players
    (Mre Press, 2025) Brini, Seifeddine; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Gonzalez, Julio Calleja; Badicu, Georgian; Teles, Sarah da Gloria; Gonzalez, Javier Raya; Elkholi, Safaa M.
    Background: A good recovery process is a key factor to avoid fatigue and sports-related injuries in Muslim male basketball players, especially during some decisive phases of the sport season, such as the match congestion period coinciding with Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF). The aim of the current research was to evaluate the effects of a combined recovery strategy involving 45-minute daytime napping and cold-water immersion during a basketball match congestion period coinciding with RIF on hormonal variations, perceived exertion (RPE), total quality of recovery (TQR) and wellbeing indices. Methods: The present study used a repeated measurements crossover design, and three male professional basketball teams were chosen, totaling 42 players. The first team used combined recovery (COMB, n = 14), the second team had a 45-minute napping (NAP, n = 14), and the third team served as the active control group (CON, n = 14). High adherence rates were observed across groups. Participants were evaluated through the initial and final weeks of the RIF for changes in testosterone (T), cortisol (C), RPE, TQR, and wellbeing indices (sleep, tiredness, stress and delayed onset of muscular soreness (DOMS)) as primary objectives. Secondary outcomes from the investigation were dietary intake, body composition and sleep quality. Results: The main results showed a significant decline in T/C ratio among the three groups at the conclusion of the trial (p < 0.001 with trivial effect size). Moreover, COMB had significantly better outcomes in RPE, TQR and DOMS compared to NAP and CON (p < 0.001 with a (trivial/small) effect size). Conclusions: This analysis revealed that the implemented combined recovery strategy may serve as a valuable recovery approach for athletes undergoing congestion game periods crossing the RIF.