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    The history and current status of forensic pathology
    (2019) Gormez, Mumine; Türkmen Şamdancı, Emine
    Abstract: Forensic pathology is currently one of the basic touchstones of forensic science in criminal investigations. Together with developing technology and science, the importance of forensic pathology in resolving judicial events is increasing. The aim of this paper was to review the historical development of forensic pathology and the current status. Since ancient times, determining the cause of death has been of the greatest importance for the determination of the punishment to be given for crimes committed. There is known to have been an autopsy to determine the cause of death following the assassination of Roman Emperor Julius Caesar (44 BC). Developments over time in medicine also led to developments in autopsies. Pathology became a separate science with developments in the knowledge of anatomy starting in the 16th century and the invention of the microscope in the 17th century, and thus the normal anatomy, histology and pathology of human tissue came to be better understood. The first pathological anatomy autopsy is known to have been performed in 1286. The importance of forensic medicine and pathology in the process of explaining the cause of death and resolving judicial events has been well understood for hundred of years and has rendered the existence of forensic pathology imperative. Thus, in current international autopsy protocols, pathological examinations have become an indispensable part of autopsies. Despite the different nomenclature in different countries, such as forensic medicine specialist or forensic pathologist, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary in all forensic autopsies. Autopsy procedures are performed by forensic medicine specialists in Europe, by forensic pathologists in the USA and some other countries, and by forensic medicine specialists and forensic pathologists together in Turkey..
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    Shaken baby syndrome resulting in death: a case series
    (Turkish J Pediatrics, 2021) Oruc, Mucahit; Dundar, Ahmet Sedat; Okumus, Hasan; Gormez, Mumine; Samdanci, Emine Turkmen; Celbis, Osman
    Department physicians, forensic physicians, and paediatricians about cases of shaken baby syndrome (SBS), which can be difficult to diagnose, require a high level of suspicion in diagnosis and there is a high likelihood of missed diagnosis. Methods. A retrospective examination was made of 3400 forensic cases applied with autopsy between 2012 and 2018 to the Forensic Medicine Institution of Malatya Group Directorate. Results. Of the total cases, 113 were aged <2 years and head trauma was determined in 35. Eight cases were determined as SBS. Of the 8 cases that resulted in death, 75% were male and the mean age was 8.3 months. The trauma had been perpetrated by the father in 50% of cases. There was a history of seizure in 67.5% of the infants and 75% were taken to the Emergency Department with cardiopulmonary arrest. Subdural hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage were determined in 37.5% of the cases, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracranial hemorrhage in 50%, and epidural hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage in 12.5%. In the microscopic examination of the medulla spinalis, focal subdural fresh bleeding was seen in 50% of cases. Bleeding around the optic nerves was determined in 37.5% of cases bilaterally and in 37.5% unilaterally. Retinal hemorrhage was determined in all the cases, which was bilateral in 75%. Conclusions. The actual worldwide incidence of SBS is not known, and in Turkey, it is thought to be much higher than has been determined. The most important reason for this is thought to be that the diagnosis of child abuse is difficult and physicians do not have a sufficient level of knowledge.