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    Adaptive and terminal endoplasmic reticulum stress genes methylation levels in Parkinson patients' peripheral blood
    (Literatura Medica, 2025) Gemici, Yagmur Inalkac; Dundar, Muhammed; Gozukara, Harika Gozde; Koc, Ahmet
    Background and purpose-Misfolded protein stress has come to the fore among the molecular mechanisms that can cause degeneration. Whereas one of the most important protein of adaptive Endoplasmic Reticulum stress (ERS) is XBP1, CHOP and ASK proteins are associated with apoptosis and terminal ERS. To the best of our knowledge, methylation levels of adaptive and terminal ERS genes in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients' blood are unknown. We aimed to evaluate if there is a difference in the DNA methylation levels of the ERS related protein-coding genes in peripheral blood of PD patients compared with healthy controls. The clinical significance of these gene methylation levels was evaluated as the second aim. Methods-DNA was isolated from the blood of PD patients (n=23) and controls (n=19). We used a methylation-specific qPCR approach to assess the methylation status of the ERS genes. The correlation between clinical findings and the methylation levels in PD patients were evaluated with appropriate statistical methods. Results-Terminal ERS related genes were statistically significantly hypomethylated in PD (ASK1 p=0.020, and CHOP p<0.001) whereas adaptive ERS gene XBP1's methylation level was not different between groups. Except for XBP1 and MMSE positive, and CHOP and depression negative correlation no correlation was found between clinical markers and methylation levels of the selected genes. (p=0.040, p=0.024), Conclusion-PD patients' peripheral blood methylation levels of adaptive and terminal ERS related genes are significantly different from healthy controls'. While XBP1 is known to be neuroprotective, CHOP and ASK are important proteins in apoptosis, and their methylation differences in peripheral blood provide a clue that they could be used as biomarkers in the future. Therefore, further biomarker and treatment studies should be conducted on these proteins and their pathways.
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    Congenital Heart Disease and COVID-19: A Single-Center Experience
    (Briefland, 2022) Oncul, Mehmet; Karakurt, Cemsit; Elkiran, Ozlem; Gozukara, Harika Gozde
    Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been infecting children since December 2019 and has caused a severe epidemic and millions of deaths worldwide. COVID-19 has severe clinical effects and is more complicated to manage in patients with underlying diseases, such as congenital heart disease (CHD), past surgical operations, arrhythmia, and end-organ damage. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical course, follow-up, and treatment process of patients with CHD and COVID-19 in Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Turkey during March 2020-February 2021. Methods: This retrospective study was performed on patients with CHD and COVID-19 in the Department of Pediatrics at Inonu University Faculty of Medicine during March 2020-February 2021, selected by making full count sampling. Admission complaints, clinical findings, biochemical parameters, echocardiography results, hospitalization times, treatments, and clinical follow-up findings were retrieved from patients' files. Results: 11 patients with underlying CHD and COVID-19 were evaluated retrospectively during the study. Ten patients were hospitalized and treated due to COVID-19. Treatment of seven of these patients continued in the intensive care unit (ICU), and five were followed up under a mechanical ventilator. Two patients died during follow-up in the ICU. Conclusions: The clinical course of COVID-19 is severe, and the mortality rate is high in patients with serious diseases, such as underlying CHD. Therefore, COVID-19 in patients with CHD requires more serious and careful follow-up.