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    Neuroprotective effects of pregabalin in experimental spinal cord injury: An investigation of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in blood and neural tissue
    (Turkish Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2026) Gudu, Burhan Oral; Eseoglu, Metehan; Turkoz, Yusuf; Gul, Mehmet; Dogan, Zumrut
    BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of pregabalin (PB) and methylprednisolone (MP) in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) by assessing serum and spinal cord levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), markers of oxidative stress, and neurological recovery outcomes. METHODS: Forty-four rats were randomized into six groups: sham, PB control (40 mg/kg), SCI alone, MP-treated SCI (30 mg/kg), and PB-treated SCI (40 and 80 mg/kg). SCI was induced at the T10 level using the Allen weight-drop method. PB and MP were administered intraperitoneally for three days post-injury. Neurological recovery was assessed using the Tarlov scale and inclined plane test. Although 44 rats were initially allocated, mortality and technical loss resulted in a final cohort of 35 animals; however, post hoc power remained >90% for key biochemical outcomes. RESULTS: SOD levels were significantly reduced in the MP+SCI group compared with the sham (p=0.006), SCI (p=0.015), 40 PB (p=0.004), and 80 PB+SCI (p=0.028) groups. Additionally, the SCI group exhibited lower SOD activity than the 40 PB group (p=0.007). Serum glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly lower in both the SCI (p=0.018) and 80 PB+SCI (p=0.009) groups compared with the sham group, whereas the 40 PB group showed higher GPx activity than the SCI (p=0.010) and 80 PB+SCI (p=0.006) groups. In spinal cord tissue, SOD activity in the 40 PB+SCI group was significantly lower than in the SCI group (p=0.007). Additionally, SOD activity in the SCI group was significantly higher than in the 40 PB group (p=0.007). Spinal cord GPx levels were significantly elevated in the SCI group compared with the sham (p=0.007), MP+SCI (p=0.010), 40 PB (p=0.003), 40 PB+SCI (p=0.003), and 80 PB+SCI (p=0.028) groups. Furthermore, the MP+SCI group demonstrated higher GPx activity than the sham group (p=0.045). Pregabalin improved inclined-plane performance but did not produce significant changes in Tarlov motor scores, indicating selective enhancement of postural stability rather than full locomotor recovery. Histopathological analysis revealed no significant differences between the trauma groups. CONCLUSION: Pregabalin mitigated oxidative stress and partially improved functional stability in experimental spinal cord injury, suggesting possible clinical applicability pending further validation.
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    Study of the neuroprotective effect of ginseng on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in experimental diffuse head trauma
    (Springer Wien, 2013) Demir, Ismail; Kiymaz, Nejmi; Gudu, Burhan Oral; Turkoz, Yusuf; Gul, Mehmet; Dogan, Zumrut; Demirtas, Sezin
    The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of ginseng on antioxidant enzyme levels in brain damage following experimental diffuse head trauma in rats. The neuroprotective effect of ginseng was also studied. In this study, rats were divided into four groups, and the rats in group 1 received no intervention. In group 2, the rats were administered 50 mg/kg ginseng, injected intraperitoneally at 1, 24 and 48 h, and the effect of ginseng on normal tissues was studied. No drugs were administered to the rats in group 3 who had previously experienced diffuse head trauma using Feeney's falling weight method. In group 4, rats underwent Feeney's falling weight method, leading to diffuse head trauma, and they were given 50 mg/kg ginseng intraperitoneally 1, 24 and 48 h after head trauma. Rats were killed 72 h after head trauma and their brain tissues extracted for histopathological and biochemical studies. Histopathological study of brain cross sections in the trauma group demonstrated neurons in the trauma region and surrounding area, which generally had a dark-colored eosinophilic cytoplasm and a pyknotic nucleus, while the nuclei of neurons were located peripherally. However, brain cross sections in group 4 from rats given ginseng after head trauma showed fewer neurons with eosinophilic cytoplasm, pyknotic and peripheral nuclei in the trauma region and surrounding area. No statistically significant difference in the tissue SOD level was observed; however, the GSH Px level in group 4 was significantly reduced compared to that in group 3. After affecting the GSH Px level and reducing histopathological scores, ginseng was found to display antioxidant and neuroprotective activity.