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    Development of phytase targeted PLGA nanoparticles loaded with albendazole sulfoxide and praziquantel and evaluation of efficacy on the hydatid cysts
    (Elsevier, 2025) Gultekin, Yakup; Korkmaz, Cagla; Ozturk, Naile; Filazi, Ayhan; Deniz, Ahmet; Vural, Imran
    Cystic echinococcosis is the metacestode stage of Echinococcus granulosus and is a worldwide public health problem. Today, various difficulties in the treatment of cystic echinococcosis limit the treatment of cystic echinococcosis. In this study, the in vitro activity of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with albendazole sulfoxide and praziquantel and targeted with phytase enzyme on Echinococcus granulosus micro-hydatid cysts was evaluated as a new formulation. For this purpose, first conjugation of PLGA polymer and phytase enzyme was performed, then albendazole sulfoxide and praziquantel loaded nanoparticles were prepared using PLGA-phytase polymer and characterization studies were performed. Permeability and cytotoxicity tests were carried out with cell culture studies of the formulations for which characterization studies were performed and it was found that the formulations did not show any cytotoxic effect. In order to evaluate the formulations, micro-hydatid cysts were developed in vitro with Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces collected from slaughterhouse animals and the formulations were applied. In vitro hydatid cyst viability studies, approximately 50 % of cysts died on day 4 in the group applied with the combination of 10 mu g/mL free albendazole sulfoxide and 50 mu g/mL free praziquantel, while 100% of cysts died in the group applied with the new formulation containing the same amount of drug. In addition, ex vivo studies on the laminar layer of hydatid cysts obtained from sheep liver showed that the new formulation binds to the laminar layer and increases the permeability of albendazole sulfoxide and praziquantel across the laminar layer by approximately 2-fold.
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    Evaluation of Dual Effect of Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4) as a Reducing and Crosslinking Agent for Development of Novel Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Loaded Chitosan-Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) (CS-PVA) Hydrogels for Wound Healing Activity
    (Springer, 2026) Kara, Asli; Ozturk, Naile; Gultekin, Yakup; Demir, Sevda; Sahin, Fikrettin; Vural, Imran
    Purpose Hydrogels are three-dimensional, crosslinked polymeric systems with high hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, making them ideal materials for wound healing applications. In this study, a silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-loaded chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (CS-PVA) hydrogel was developed using a novel, simple, and cost-effective approach. In this approach, sodium borohydride (NaBH4) simultaneously acts as a reducing agent for AgNP synthesis and as a physical crosslinking agent for hydrogel formation. Methods AgNPs were synthesized via NaBH4-mediated reduction and characterized by dynamic light scattering and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The resulting hydrogels were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy, swelling, porosity and mechanical test. In vitro biocompatibility and wound healing potential were assessed using cell viability assays and a scratch wound assay. Results Among all formulations, M30, an AgNP-loaded CS-PVA hydrogel, prepared with medium molecular weight (MMW) chitosan and 30 mL of AgNP suspension, had the best overall performance with the highest swelling degree, favorable mechanical performance. It maintained cell viability above 80% at 24 and 48 h, and showed the greatest wound closure rate, even at low AgNP concentration. Conclusion The results demonstrate that AgNP-loaded CS-PVA hydrogels prepared using NaBH4 as a dual-function agent exhibit promising biocompatibility and wound healing potential even at low AgNP content. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the dual functionality of NaBH4 in a single-step approach as both a reducing and physical crosslinking agent, providing a simple and promising strategy for the development of next-generation wound dressing materials without need for additional chemical crosslinkers.
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    Preparation and evaluation of fast-dissolving albendazole sulfoxide and praziquantel-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofiber films by electrospinning
    (Elsevier, 2024) Gultekin, Yakup; Korkmaz, Cagla; Ozturk, Naile; Filazi, Ayhan; Deniz, Ahmet; Dog, Osman; Pezik, Esra
    Albendazole sulfoxide (ALBSOX) and Praziquantel (PRZ) are broad-spectrum anthelmintic medications used in the treatment of both humans and animals that are challenging to manufacture for geriatric and pediatric populations and have poor oral bioavailability due to their low water solubility and high lipophilicity. To increase the solubility and bioavailability of the drugs, ALBSOX and PRZ-loaded nanofiber films were prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVP), a non-toxic, inert polymer with high hydrophilic characteristics. SEM analysis of the produced ALBSOX and PRZ-loaded PVP nanofiber films revealed them to be uniform and smooth, with good uniformity and mechanical properties. The PVP nanofiber films of ALBSOX and PRZ disintegrated in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) in less than 1 s and increased the solubility of ALBSOX and PRZ about five times compared to pure active ingredients. Furthermore, the prepared ALBSOX and PRZ-loaded PVP nanofiber films were found to have no cytotoxic effect in cell viability studies using L929 cells, and increased the protoscolicidal effect of the ALBSOX and PRZ combination approximately 2-fold in studies of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. The findings of the present study reveal that the developed PVP nanofiber films have the potential to improve the dissolution profile and pharmacological efficacy of the ALBSOX and PRZ.
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    Simultaneous determination of albendazole sulfoxide and praziquantel from PLGA nanoparticles and validation of new HPLC method
    (Marmara Univ, 2022) Gultekin, Yakup; Ozturk, Naile; Filazi, Ayhan; Deniz, Ahmet; Korkmaz, Cagla; Pezik, Esra; Barin, Gozde
    A simple, rapid and reproducible HPLC method has been developed and validated for the quantification of albendazole sulfoxide (ALBSOX) and praziquantel (PRZ), which can coexist in various dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was performed in gradient mode using a mobile phase consisting of an InertSustain (R) C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 mu m) and acetonitrile: water (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The active substance peaks were well separated and detected by a DAD detector at 217 nm. The HPLC method was linear for ALBSOX and PRZ in the concentration range of 0.1-50 mu g/mL. Limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.01 mu g/mL for ALBSOX and 0.009 mu g/mL for PRZ. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.03 mu g/mL for ALBSOX and 0.027 mu g/mL for PRZ. The developed HPLC method was validated based on ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, system suitability, precision and accuracy. The method was applied for simultaneous quantification and characterization studies of ALBSOX and PRA in PLGA nanoparticles.