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Öğe Aripiprazole-induced transient myopia(Kare Publ, 2020) Cumurcu, Tongabay; Cumurcu, Birgul Elbozan; Yesil, Bahar; Gunduz, AbuzerThis study aims to present a case of transient myopia due to aripiprazole used in the treatment of depression. A 21-year-old female who was being treated for depression with 15 mg/day Aripiprazole during two months. She normally used -3.75 D glasses. She was admitted to our outpatient clinic with sudden onset blurring of vision in both eyes despite using glasses for about three days. Using of aripiprazole was observed in the patient's history. She was found to have myopia of -6.0 diopters in both eyes with measurement of otorefractometer; her visual acuity was 6/10 in both eyes with her glasses. The other eye examination findings of the patient were normal. The drug was discontinued, and the patient was followed. One mount later on examination, the patient's visual acuity increased to 10/10 in both eyes. Following the first day of the Alx values measured were 0.3 mm longer than one month after the measurement; the minimal difference between the other anterior segment findings were recorded. Although the specific mechanisms that cause acute myopia has not been fully revealed, it can be ciliary spasm, ciliary bodies effusion, peripheral uveal effusion and effects of ocular serotonergic intraneural fibers. We believe that it would be important for clinicians. They should keep in mind these conditions when prescribing aripiprazole and need to inform patients about the side effects related to the eye.Öğe Brown syndrome: clinical features and results of superior oblique tenotomy(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2021) Ozsoy, Ercan; Gunduz, Abuzer; Firat, Ilknur Tuncer; Firat, MuratPurpose: This study was conducted to further de-fine the specific clinical characteristics of patients with Brown syndrome and evaluate the outcomes of superior oblique tenotomy in its surgical management. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical charts of 45 patients with Brown syndrome was performed, which revealed that 11 patients underwent superior oblique tenotomy due to abnormal head posture and/or hypotropia and 1 patient underwent bilateral superior oblique tendon elongation with a silicone band due to abnormal head posture. In the last patient, silicone bands were removed at the postoperative 3rd month due to the lack of improvement in the abnormal head posture and the limitation of elevation in adduction. Simultaneous horizontal rectus muscle surgery was performed in four patients. Results: There was a predominance of female gender, right eye, congenital form, unilaterality, A-pattern, and an abnormal head posture type with a combination of chin up and head tilting. Bilateral form was observed only in female patients. Amblyopia was detected in two patients. Among patients aged >5 years, 40% had reduced stereopsis. Abnormal head posture was found in 60% of patients. More than half of them were diagnosed with a vertical and/or horizontal deviation. Tenotomy procedure eliminated the abnormal head posture in all patients and significantly improved the mean limitation of elevation in adduction and hypotropia (p=0.001, p=0.012). Two patients developed inferior oblique overaction in the operated eye. There was complete spontaneous resolution in two patients. Conclusions: The clinical features of patients with Brown syndrome in our study are considerably consistent with those of previous reports. The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of superior oblique tenotomy with less overcorrection in the surgical treatment of Brown syndrome.Öğe The Changes in Tear Film Parameters and Impression Cytology in Heavily Drinking Men(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013) Cumurcu, Tongabay; Gunduz, Abuzer; Cumurcu, Birgul Elbozan; Gul, Isil Gogcegoz; Akpolat, Nusret; Karlidag, RifatPurpose: To evaluate the tear film function and ocular surface changes in heavily drinking men. Methods: This prospective case-control study involved 35 male subjects with heavy alcohol consumption (group 1) and 35 age-and sex-matched control subjects (group 2). Best-corrected visual acuity measurement, slit-lamp examination, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (BUT) measurement, and conjunctival impression cytology were performed in all subjects. The results were compared between the 2 groups. Results: The mean Schirmer I test results in group 1 and group 2 were 8.31 +/- 3.56 mm and 13.17 +/- 5.71 mm, respectively, and the mean BUT values were 9.22 +/- 3.10 seconds and 13.20 +/- 4.04 seconds, respectively. The mean Schirmer I and BUT results were statistically lower in group 1 than in group 2 (P < 0.0001). The mean impression cytology scores in group 1 and group 2 were 2.08 +/- 0.78 and 1.37 +/- 0.94, respectively. A statistically significant difference was noted between the study and control groups for the grading of cytological changes (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Our data showed that heavily drinking men have decreased tear production, tear film instability, and significant degeneration of the ocular surface epithelium when compared with normal subjects.Öğe Corneal Endothelial Changes in Behcet's Patients with Inactive Ocular Involvement(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Cankaya, Cem; Cumurcu, Tongabay; Gunduz, Abuzer; Firat, IlknurPurpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate alterations in the corneal endothelial layer in Behcet's disease (BD) with inactive ocular involvement using specular microscopy.Materials and Methods: Thirty-three eyes of 33 BD patients who had at least one anterior segment involvement and no active inflammation in the last 3months were included in the study (group 1). Twenty-seven of the 33 BD patients had an anterior uveitis attack and six of them had a panuveitis (both anterior and posterior involvement) attack. Thirty-three eyes of 33 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the control group (group 2). Corneal endothelial cell density (CD), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonal cell ratio (HEX), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using specular microscopy (Konan Medical, Nishinomiya, Japan), and the results were compared between groups.Results: The mean CD was 2739164.18 cells/mm(2) in group 1 and 2922 +/- 107.60 cells/mm(2) in group 2 (p=0.001). The mean CV was 32.9 +/- 4.76 in group 1 and 28.5 +/- 3.06 in group 2 (p=0.001). The mean HEX was 44.7 +/- 6.51 in group 1 and 49.7 +/- 6.10 in group 2 (p=0.019). The mean CCT was 545.75 +/- 40.89 in group 1 and 545.66 +/- 30.09 in group 2 (p>0.05).Conclusions: Ocular attacks in our BD patients may have caused permanent changes in the corneal endothelial layer. However, these changes did not lead to corneal decompensation, but further studies are necessary to confirm these results.Öğe Corneal endothelial changes in patients with vitamin D deficiency(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2018) Cankaya, Cem; Cumurcu, Tongabay; Gunduz, AbuzerPurpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on corneal endothelial layer using specular microscopy. Methods: Fifty-eight eyes of 58 patients whose vitamin 13 level was below 15 ng/ml and who had no ocular pathology were included in the study (Group 1). Forty eyes of 40 age-and sex-matched subjects were enrolled as control group (Group 2). Corneal endothelial cell density (CD), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonal cell ratio (HEX), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using specular microscopy (Konan Medical Inc., Nishinomiya, Japan). The obtained data were compared between the groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender (P = 0.344, P = 0.399, respectively). The mean CD value was 2772.79 +/- 202.21 cells/mm(2) in Group 1 and 2954.97 +/- 116.89 cells/mm(2) in Group 2 (P = 0.001). The mean CV value was 30.31 +/- 3.65 in Group 1 and 28.20 +/- 2.71 in Group 2 (P = 0.003). The mean HEX value was 46.56 +/- 6.32 in Group 1 and 51.07 +/- 5.28 in Group 2 (P = 0.001). The mean CCT value was 555.87 +/- 36.90 mu in group 1 and 549.0 +/- 37.39 mu in Group 2 (P = 0.96). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may affect the corneal endothelial layer. Patients with vitamin D deficiency should be evaluated for endothelial parameters in particular before an intraocular surgery. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.Öğe Corneal structure in tilted disc syndrome(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2016) Gunduz, Abuzer; Polat, Nihat; Cumurcu, Tongabay; Demirel, ErsinErsan; Ozsoy, ErcanPurpose: To evaluate the central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), and anterior and posterior corneal surfaces using the Scheimpflug imaging system in patients diagnosed with tilted disc syndrome (TDS). Methods: The study group (Group 1) and the control group (Group 2) comprised 35 eyes of 35 age-, sex-, and refraction-matched cases. All cases underwent a full ophthalmic examination that included cycloplegic refraction, axial ocular length measurement, and Scheimpflug imaging. Results: The mean age was 34.68 +/- 15.48 years in Group 1 and 34.11 +/- 12.01 years in Group 2 (p = 0.864). The gender distribution was 18 males and 17 females in Group 1 and 16 males and 19 females in Group 2 (p = 0.618). All subjects were Caucasian. The spherical equivalent was 3.62 +/- 1.75 D in Group 1 and 3.69 +/- 1.51 D in Group 2 (p = 0.850). There was no significant difference in age, sex, race, or spherical equivalent between groups. There was no significant difference in mean keratometric value and CV3 (the CV in the central 3 mm) between groups (p = 0.232 and 0.172, respectively). There were statistically significant differences in CCT, CV5, and CV7 (CV in the central 5 and 7 mm(3), respectively) and total CV between groups (p = 0.008, 0.003, 0.023, and 0.019, respectively). The values of all parameters were lower in the study group than in the control group. There was also a statistically significant difference in the anterior elevation parameters of the cornea between groups (p < 0.05). The mean values of Group 1 were higher than those of Group 2. There were statistically significant differences in the two parameters referring to the posterior elevation of the cornea between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that eyes with TDS have thinner CCT, lower CV, and different anterior corneal curvature than normal eyes.Öğe Double Flip Technique for Graft Transfer in Autograft Pterygium Surgery(Galenos Publ House, 2023) Ozturk, Emrah; Gunduz, AbuzerA 50-year-old man with recurrent pterygium and a 46-year-old woman with primary pterygium underwent surgery using a novel autograft transfer technique that facilitates autograft suturing and ensures correct graft orientation. After removing the pterygium, three edges of the autograft were cut. The autograft was flipped first over the uncut edge and secured to the superior margin of the recipient bed with two sutures. Afterward, the fourth side of the graft was cut and the second flip was done over the sutured edge. Thus, the autograft was in correct surface and side orientation and was sutured to the recipient bed. This simple technique provides both easy transfer and correct orientation of the graft in autograft pterygium surgery.Öğe Duane Retraction Syndrome: Clinical Features and a Case Group-Specific Surgical Approach(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Gunduz, Abuzer; Ozsoy, Ercan; Ulucan, Pamuk BetulPurpose: To describe the clinical features of patients with Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) and evaluate the outcomes of surgical approaches based on the characteristics of each patient. Methods: The records of 38 Caucasian subjects with DRS were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were classified as type I, II, or III based on the Huber Classification. Ten patients underwent unilateral medial rectus (MR) recession due to abnormal head posture (AHP) and/or esotropia. Four patients underwent Y-splitting and recession of the lateral rectus (LR) with MR recession due to AHP and/or esotropia, upshoot, and globe retraction. Results: There was a preponderance of unilaterality, female gender, left eye, type I, orthotropia, upshoot, and low refractive error. All patients demonstrated globe retraction and fissure narrowing. AHP was only present in unilateral cases. Nine patients had amblyopia. More than half of the patients over 5 years of age had decreased stereopsis. MR recession decreased AHP to less than 8 degrees in all patients. Y-splitting and recession of the LR eliminated upshoot in all four patients. One patient who underwent an 8-mm MR recession demonstrated -2 adduction limitation. Conclusions: The DRS patients in our study demonstrated features that are consistent with previous reports in the literature. This study emphasizes the need to consider disease classification in the surgical management of DRS patients.Öğe The Effect of Chronic Alcoholism on the Conjunctival Flora(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2016) Gunduz, Goksel; Gunduz, Abuzer; Polat, Nihat; Cumurcu, Birgul Elbozan; Yakupogullari, YusufAim: We aimed to investigate the effect of alcohol abuse on the conjunctival flora.Materials and methods: The cases were evaluated as two groups. The study group consisted of 55 heavy-drinking males diagnosed with alcohol abuse, while the control group consisted of 55 males without a history of alcohol abuse. Samples were taken from the inferior fornix conjunctiva with sterile cotton-tipped swabs (Amies transport medium) for culture. The samples were inoculated into blood agar, chocolate agar, eosine methylene blue agar and Saboraud-Dextrose agar (Oxoid/UK) with the dilution method.Results: The microorganisms that grew in study group subjects were Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CNS) in 30 (54.5%), Staphylococcus aureus in 14 (25.5%), Moraxella spp. in 3 (5.5%), Streptococcus spp. in 3 (5.5), Bacillus spp. in 3 (5.5%), Corynebacterium spp. in 3 (5.5%), Candida spp. in 3 (5.5%), Haemophilus spp. in 2 (3.6%), Acinetobacter spp. in 2 (3.6%), Neisseria spp. in 1 (1.8%) and Micrococcus spp. in 1 (1.8%). The results for control group were CNS in 31 (56.4%), Bacillus spp. in 7 (12.7%), S. aureus in 5 (9.1%), and Corynebacterium spp. in 2 (3.6%). Moraxella spp., Streptococcus spp., Candida spp., Haemophilus spp., Acinetobacter spp., Neisseria spp. and Micrococcus spp. microorganisms grew in the conjunctival flora samples of the study group but not in the control group. S. aureus colonization was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The S. aureus colonization rate was statistically significantly higher in the study group. Some microorganisms only grew in the conjunctival flora samples of the study group. These findings indicate that the conjunctival flora in persons with chronic alcoholism is different than the normal population.Öğe Effect of Cycloplegia on Keratometric and Biometric Parameters in Keratoconus(Hindawi Ltd, 2016) Polat, Nihat; Gunduz, AbuzerPurpose. To obtain information about effect of cycloplegia on keratometry and biometry in keratoconus. Methods. 48 keratoconus (Group 1) and 52 healthy subjects (Group 2) were included in the study. We measured the flat meridian of the anterior corneal surface (K1), steep meridian of the anterior corneal surface (K2), lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and axial length (AL) using the Lenstar LS 900 before and after cycloplegia. Results. The median K1 in Group 1 was 45.64 D before and 45.42D after cycloplegia, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The median K2 in Group 1 was 50.96 D before and 50.17 D after cycloplegia, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The median K1 and K2 in Group 2 were 42.84 and 44.49 D, respectively, before cycloplegia, and 42.84 and 44.56 Dafter cycloplegia, and the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). There were significant differences in SE, LT, ACD, and RLP between before and after cycloplegia in either Group 1 (all P < 0.05) or Group 2 (all P < 0.05). There were not statistically significant differences in AL between before cycloplegia and after cycloplegia in either Group 1 (P = 0.533) or group 2 (P = 0.529). Conclusions. Flattened corneal curvature and increase in ACD following cycloplegia in keratoconus patients were detected.Öğe Effect of Fasting on Contrast Sensitivity in Healthy Males(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2019) Gok, Zarife Ekici; Gunduz, Abuzer; Cankaya, CemPurpose: To evaluate the effect of fasting on contrast sensitivity (CS) in healthy male individuals during the month of Ramadan. Methods: This study included 45 healthy male individuals, aged between 20 and 40 years, working in the same environment. Functional acuity contrast testing (F.A.C.T) was performed using the Optec 6500 vision testing system. Measurements taken during a state of satiety one week before Ramadan were compared with those taken a minimum of 12 hours after the start of fasting in the first and fourth weeks of Ramadan. Results: Contrast sensitivity (CS) was increased at the spatial frequency of three cycles per degree (cpd) at the end of the first week of Ramadan in comparison to the CS measured before Ramadan (P = 0.03). The mean CS values were increased at the spatial frequencies of 3 and 12 cpd at the end of the last week of Ramadan in comparison to the mean values measured before Ramadan (P = 0.01 for both). Conclusion: Although we found statistically significant increases in CS at certain frequencies, we can conclude that Ramadan fasting has no negative effects on CS.Öğe Effect of inferior oblique anterior transposition in correcting vertical hyperdeviation in primary position(Canadian Ophthal Soc, 2019) Gunduz, Abuzer; Firat, Murat; Ozsoy, Ercan; Cankaya, CemObjective: To evaluate the effect of inferior oblique anterior transposition (IOAT) on improvement of vertical hyperdeviation in primary position. Methods: This study was a retrospective review and included 35 eyes of 33 patients (18 males and 15 females). Patients with dissociated vertical deviation were not included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative average follow-up was 11.46 +/- 11.73 and 11.43 +/- 9.73 months, respectively. The eyes were divided into 5 groups according to the amount of transposition. Inferior oblique muscle was transpositioned 2 mm posterior to the inferior rectus insertion in group 1; 1 mm posterior to the inferior rectus insertion in group 2; parallel to the inferior rectus insertion in group 3; 1 mm anterior to the inferior rectus insertion in group 4; and 2 mm anterior to the inferior rectus insertion in group 5. Results: The mean preoperative and postoperative vertical hyperdeviation were 16.52 +/- 5.54 and 0.97 +/- 2.34 prism diopters (PD), respectively. The mean preoperative vertical hyperdeviation in group 1, group 2, group 3, group 4, and group 5 was 11.0 +/- 4.24, 12.88 +/- 4.26, 16.63 +/- 3.50, 19.83 +/- 2.71, and 25.5 +/- 3.00 PD, respectively. Postoperatively, improvement in vertical hyperdeviation in group 1, group 2, group 3, group 4, and group 5 was 11.0 +/- 4.24, 11.63 +/- 3.20, 15.46 +/- 3.19, 18.17 +/- 2.23, and 25.5 +/- 3.00 PD, respectively. The vertical hyperdeviation had improved 100% in group 1; 90.2% in group 2; 92.9% in group 3; 91.59% in group 4; and 100% in group 5. Conclusion: IOAT surgery planned according to hyperdeviation amount has effective and predictable results in correcting vertical hyperdeviation in primary position.Öğe The Effect of Sevoflurane Anesthesia on the Corneal Endothelium(2017) Polat, Nihat; Ozkan, Ahmet Selim; Gunduz, Abuzer; Ulucan, Pamuk Betul; Colak, CemilAim: To evaluate the mean changes in corneal endothelial cells in eyes that operated under sevoflurane general anesthesia.Öğe Endoscopic Transcanalicular Diode Laser Dacryocystorhinostomy: Is It an Alternative Method to Conventional External Dacryocystorhinostomy?(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013) Derya, Kutukde; Demirel, Soner; Doganay, Selim; Orman, Gozde; Cumurcu, Tongabay; Gunduz, AbuzerPurpose: To compare the success rates of endoscopic transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy (EL-DCR) and external DCR. Materials and Methods: Operations were performed on 55 eyes of 54 patients who had distal nasolacrimal canal obstruction. External DCR was performed on 29 of the eyes and EL-DCR on 26 of them. Success was defined based on subjective relief of patients reported at their final examinations. Results: There were 23 women and 6 men in group 1 and 19 women and 6 men in group 2 (p = 0.77). The mean ages of groups were 45.24 +/- 12.08 (range, 15-74) and 43.2 +/- 17.01 (range, 11-72) years, respectively (p = 0.63). The mean follow-up times were 8.82 +/- 5.51 (range, 3-18) and 7.12 +/- 2.96 (range, 2-12) months, respectively in groups (p = 0.58). The success rates based on symptoms were measured at 25 of 29 (86%) and 17 of 25 (68%) for 2 groups. The difference in the success rates was higher but not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.202). The authors found various conditions related to nasal passage in 4 of 8 unsuccessful EL-DCR, including allergic rhinitis, nasal crust, silicone tube reaction, and unsuitable passage for endoscopic surgery. Conclusions: The success rate of EL-DCR was lower than that of the external DCR; however, no statistically significant difference was observed. Endoscopic transcanalicular diode laser DCR may be considered as an alternative method to external DCR with these results. (Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2013;29:15-17)Öğe Estimation of angle kappa and pupil barycentre configuration in myopic tilted disc syndrome(Wiley, 2020) Cankaya, Cem; Ozsoy, Ercan; Demirel, Ersin Ersan; Polat, Nihat; Gunduz, AbuzerBackground To evaluate the angle kappa and pupil barycentre configuration in patients with myopic tilted disc syndrome (TDS). Methods Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients with TDS were included in the study. Thirty-five eyes of 35 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the control group. All measurements were performed with the Lenstar LS 900. Angle kappa was calculated according to Pythagorean theorem using the x and y co-ordinates of the pupil centre. Pupil dx and pupil dy values (pupil dx: x co-ordinate of pupil centre relative to corneal apex, pupil dy: y co-ordinate of pupil centre relative to corneal apex) were used to evaluate the pupil barycentre configuration. Central corneal thickness, white to white (cornea diameter), pupil diameter, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and axial length were also measured. Results The calculated mean angle kappa distance was 0.27 +/- 0.15 mm in the TDS group and 0.29 +/- 0.23 mm in the control group (p = 0.42). The mean pupil dx was -0.01 +/- 0.24 mm in the TDS group and -0.17 +/- 0.14 mm in the control group (p = 0.006). The mean pupil dy was -0.02 +/- 0.13 mm in the TDS group and -0.05 +/- 0.22 mm in the control group (p = 0.65). Conclusions The pupil barycentre in TDS cases was statistically significantly closer to the corneal vertex on the horizontal plane compared to the control group. However, there was no statistically significant differences in terms of angle kappa and pupil dy values between the groups. According to our results, refractive surgery can be performed safely with respect to complications related to decentration of ablation zone and decentration of multifocal intraocular lenses in these groups of patients.Öğe Evaluation of Anterior Segment's Structures in Tilted Disc Syndrome(Hindawi Ltd, 2016) Ozsoy, Ercan; Gunduz, Abuzer; Demirel, Ersin Ersan; Cumurcu, TongabayPurpose. To evaluate anterior segment's structures by Pentacam in patients with tilted disc syndrome (TDS). Methods. Group 1 included forty-six eyes of forty-six patients who have the TDS. Group 2 including forty-six eyes of forty-six cases was the control group which was equal to the study group in age, gender, and refraction. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed in both groups. All cases were evaluated by Pentacam. The axial length (AL) of eyes was measured by ultrasound. Quantitative data obtained from these measurements were compared between two groups. Results. There was no statistically significant difference for age, gender, axial length, and spherical equivalent measurements between two groups (p = 0.625, p = 0.830, p = 0.234, and p = 0.850). There was a statistically significant difference for central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and pupil size measurements between two groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.0001, p = 0.003, and p = 0.001). Also, there was no statistically significant difference for anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and lens thickness (LT) measurements between two groups (p = 0.130, p = 0.910, and p = 0.057). Conclusion. We determined that CCT was thinner, CV was less, and ACA was narrower in patients with TDS. There are some changes in the anterior segment of the eyes with tilted disc.Öğe Evaluation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, macula and ganglion cell thickness in amblyopia using spectral optical coherence tomography(Ijo Press, 2013) Firat, Penpe Gul; Ozsoy, Ercan; Demirel, Soner; Cumurcu, Tongabay; Gunduz, AbuzerAIM: To investigate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macula and ganglion cell layer thicknesses (GCC) in amblyopic eyes with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: Thirty six patients with a history of unilateral amblyopia and thirty two children who had emmetropia without amblyopia were included in this study. In this institutional study, 36 eyes of 36 patients with amblyopia (AE), 36 fellow eyes without amblyopia (FE), and 32 eyes of 32 normal subjects (NE) were included. RNFL, GCC and macular thickness measurements were performed with RS-3000 OCT Retina Scan (Nidek Inc CA. USA). RESULTS: The mean global thicknesses of the RNFL were 113.22 +/- 121.47, 111.57 +/- 18.25, 109.96 +/- 11.31 mu m in the AE, FE, and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for mean global RNFL thickness among the eyes (P=0.13). The mean thicknesses of the macula were 258.25 +/- 18.31, 258.75 +/- 19.54, 248.62 +/- 10.57 mu m in the AE, FE and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for thickness of macula among the eyes (P=0.06). The GCC was investigated into two parts: superior and inferior. The mean thicknesses of superior GCC were 102.57 +/- 113.32, 103.32 +/- 10.64, 100.52 +/- 15.88 mu m in the AE, FE, and NE, respectively. The mean thicknesses of inferior GCC were 103.82 +/- 112.60, 107.82 +/- 12.33, 105.86 +/- 10.79 mu m in the AE, FE and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for thickness of superior and inferior GCC between the eyes (P=0.63, P=0.46). CONCLUSION: The macular thicknesses of AE and FE were greater than the NE, although it was not statistically significant. Amblyopia does not seem to have a profound effect on the RNFL, macula and GCC.Öğe Evaluation of the equality of medial rectus advancement to medial rectus resection for consecutive exotropia(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2022) Gunduz, Abuzer; Ozturk, Emrah; Ozsoy, ErcanPurpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the amount of medial rectus (MR) advancement in the treatment of consecutive exotropia by comparing it with the amount of MR resection in a sample of patients with constant exotropia and evaluate the effectiveness of MR advancement with lateral rectus (LR) recession in the management of consecutive exotropia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent unilateral MR strengthening with LR weakening due to consecutive or constant exotropia was performed. Patients with consecutive exotropia underwent MR advancement with LR recession, and those with constant exotropia underwent MR resection with LR recession. The surgical dosages were determined according to a standard table. A successful result was defined as alignment within 10 prism diopters of orthotropia. Results: A total of 36 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 18 had consecutive exotropia and 18 had constant exotropia. Successful alignment was obtained in 83.3% of patients with consecutive exotropia and 88.9% of patients with constant exotropia. There was no difference between the amount of MR advancement performed in consecutive patients with exotropia and the amount of MR resection performed in patients with constant exotropia. Postoperatively, while consecutive exotropes with a poor result showed overcorrection, constant exotropes with a poor result showed undercorrection. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is no difference between the amount of previously recessed MR advancement and that of untouched MR resection. They also showed that MR advancement with LR recession is an effective means of correcting secondary exotropia.Öğe Infantile Esotropia: Clinical Features and Results of Bilateral Medial Rectus Recession(Galenos Publ House, 2023) Gunduz, Abuzer; Ozturk, Emrah; Ozsoy, Ercan; Gunturkun, Pelin NazliIntroduction: To define the characteristics of infantile esotropia and evaluate the results of bilateral medial rectus recession in infantile esotropia. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on medical charts of patients diagnosed with infantile esotropia. All patients underwent an ophthalmological examination to detect the conditions that accompany infantile esotropia. Patients with two years of age or older and without fixation preference or amblyopia underwent bilateral medial rectus recession. Results: There were a total of 117 patients with infantile esotropia patients. Infantile esotropia was accompanied by inferior oblique hyperfunction, fixation preference, cross-fixation, pseudoabduction deficit, pattern deviations, nystagmus, dissociated vertical deviation, convergence insufficiency, and abnormal head position. Approximately forty percent of the patients compatible with visual acuity measurements had amblyopia. Bilateral medial rectus recession decreased the mean esotropia from 43.1 +/- 15.3 to 7.8 +/- 12.8 prism diopters (PD) in 65 patients. Postoperatively, 41 patients had an ocular alignment within 10 PD of orthotropia, 22 patients showed undercorrection and 2 overcorrection. Conclusion: The characteristics of infantile esotropia in our study are substantially consistent with those of early reports, except for convergence insufficiency. This study also showed that bilateral medial rectus recession appears to have a high percentage of undercorrection in short-term postoperative follow-up in infantile esotropia.Öğe Inferior oblique anterior transposition according to a different grading scale for hyperdeviation with inferior oblique overaction(Canadian Ophthal Soc, 2023) Gunduz, Abuzer; Ozturk, Emrah; Firat, MuratObjective: To define an inferior oblique anterior transposition (IOAT) grading scale in patients with hyperdeviation and inferior oblique overaction (IOOA), which we planned based on the data we obtained in our previous retrospective study.Participants: Thirty-eight patients who underwent graded IOAT.Methods: The patients were divided into 5 groups according to the amount of hyperdeviation in the primary position (PPHD). The inferior oblique muscle was transposed 2 mm posterior, 1 mm posterior parallel, 1 mm anterior, and 2 mm anterior to the inferior rectus insertion, respectively. Surgical success was defined as success (PPHD <= 3 PD), partial success (PPHD >3 and <= 6 PD), and nonsuccess (PPHD >6 PD).Results: The mean amount of hyperdeviation correction in groups after IOAT was 9.50 +/- 0.9 PD (range, 8-10 PD), 12.43 +/- 1.5 PD (range, 11-14 PD), 16.67 +/- 1.4 PD (range, 15-18 PD), 19.57 +/- 1.7 PD (range, 16-21 PD), and 22.57 +/- 5.8 PD (range, 14-30 PD), respectively. Surgical success was achieved in 34 patients (89.5%) after surgery, partial success was achieved in 3 patients (7.9%), and nonsuccess was observed in 1 patient (2.6%). All patients in our study had unilateral IOOA preoperatively, and IOOA developed in the contralateral eye of 9 patients (23.7%) during postoperative follow-up. In group 5, 4 patients (57.1%) developed -2 upgaze limitation, but surgery was not required.Conclusions: A high success rate can be achieved with this grading of IOAT in primary and secondary IOOA cases accompanying hyperdeviation in the primary position.
