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Öğe Anger level and related factors in patients presenting to the emergency department(2021) Gokce, Ayse; Gunes, Gulsen; Gokce, HasanAim: According to reasons for admission, unnecessary patient population increases burden on emergency services and prevents real emergency patients from receiving medical care. Emergency departments frequently encounter acts of violence in various forms as a result of uncontrolled anger. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate anger levels and associated factors in patients presenting to the hospital emergency department. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who presented to the emergency department of the hospital. The sample size was calculated as 320 using the minimum sampling size formula used when there are an unknown number of individuals in a system. The questionnaire form comprised of two sections. The first section included questions related to sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and various emergency situations; in the second section, the Anger Expression Scale and State-Trait Anger Scale, in which validity and reliability for our country was conducted by Özer (1994), was used. When analyzing the data, student’s t-test and one-way variance analysis test was used for independent samples. Results: The mean age of the individuals who participated in the study was 39.08±18.09 years. While 59.1% of patients preferred emergency admission due to fast medical care, 44.7% had a condition that required emergency assistance. In the comparison of mean state-trait anger and anger expression scores according to degree of urgency, mean state-trait anger scores were 21.75±5.42 in very urgent patients, 20.48±4.80 in urgent patients, and 20.25±5.96 in non-urgent patients (p>0.05); mean anger expression subscores were 18.07±2.88 in very urgent patients, 17.09±2.80 in urgent patients, and 16.47±3.04 in non-urgent patients. Conclusion: Parallel to increased urgency, it was observed that state-trait anger levels were increased and anger expression sub-dimension was more frequently used. This suggests that individuals worrying about their health will be angrier and reflect their anger to those around them more often.Öğe Attitude of Employees in the Institution of Malatya Provincial Tobacco Control Committee Towards Content and Being in Force of the 4207 of Law(Bilimsel Tip Publishing House, 2012) Tulucu, Fadime; Aytemur, Zeynep Ayfer; Hacievliyagil, Suleyman Savas; Gunes, GulsenObjective: The current success of the implementation of the tobacco act is closely related to the perspective, knowledge and level of awareness of enforcing agencies. The aim our study was to identify the levels of awareness and responsibility regarding the tobacco law of employees of public institution members of Malatya Provincial Tobacco Control Committee (PTCC). Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was carried out with 305 employees of public institution members of PTCC. In the questionnaire, the demographic data, smoking characteristics, attitudes to smoking after changing the law and their opinions about the functioning of the law were obtained and they were asked how they had learnt about the law and their thoughts on individual and corporate responsibility. Results: The mean age was 35.9 +/- 8.9 years. 73.1% males, 92.1% high school and 58.4% were university. smokers. The rate of smoking in the Tuberculosis Dispensary was higher than in other institutions (75%). The greatest decrease in the smoking rate after the law was seen in Police Department (51%). 77% of the cases were informed through the media about the law, while 6% of them learned through the authority of the institution, 81.3% of the cases supported the law. 30% know that cigarettes can be smoked at their institution and 22.3% continue the cigarette selling despite banning. A quarter of employees do not feel responsibility regarding the law. Conclusion: In public institution members of PTCC, the law is not sufficiently functional. The levels of awareness and responsibility regarding the tobacco law of employees of public institution members of NTCC were insufficient.Öğe The Behavior Models of Staff Working in Community Pharmacies(Marmara Univ, Fac Medicine, 2016) Dolapcioglu, Nese; Gunes, Gulsen; Ozcelikay, GulbinIn this study, behavior of supporting staff, whose working in pharmacies, are discussed and how it should be free of this behavior by taking the opinions of the community pharmacists for located pharmacies in the center of Ankara. Study material consisted 320 units of pharmacists, residing in the province of Ankara, were applied to the questionnaire. According to results of the study; pharmacists wish their staff to respect dignity of the profession, to take heed of cleaning of pharmacy, to be respectful, and to get along with people. The data obtained in this study has remarkable results: e In 30 behavior models, only two significant differences between men and women were defined. According to this having responsibility, and being able to make the right decision, have features in the expressions of women While the pharmacists aged between 23-30 valued being respectful pharmacists aged between 31-40 overrated being perfectionist. Pharmacists aged 51 and older than 51 voted for being tidy. As a result, pharmacists were found to overrate and differentiate being respectful to dignity of the profession for the staff working in community pharmacists when compared to staff working for other commercial enterprises.Öğe Brand Personality in Independent Pharmacies(Marmara Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2015) Kose, Ismail Irfan; Gunes, Gulsen; Ozcelikay, GulbinIn this thesis, functions of brand personalities are evaluated separately in order to determine the brand personalities of the pharmacies located in the city center of Ankara. The material of this work consists of 329 survey forms which are applied to pharmacy beneficiaries residing in Ankara. According to the results of this research; beneficiaries describes their pharmacies as sincere, hardworking, honest, reliable, self-confident, successful and kind which are the subcategories of brand personality. Besides, it is also observed that beneficiaries do not consider their pharmacies as unique or one and only (indispensable). There are remarkable points obtained as a result of this work. In terms of talent and appearance; pharmacies in shopping centers are meaningfully different from neighborhood pharmacies, pharmacies over an avenue and pharmacies close to the source of prescription. In addition to this; pharmacies' brand personalities are described diversely by beneficiaries according to their demographic characteristics such as age, gender, income level, education and profession. In conclusion; pharmacies do have brand personalities, although they are small businesses.Öğe Caregiving burdens, depression levels, and related factors of attendants who care physical treatment and rehabilitation patients who applied to Turgut Ozal Medical Center(2021) Yilmaz, Ramazan Cihad; Gunes, GulsenAbstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the caregiving burden, depression and related factors of the caregivers of chronic patients who received physical therapy. Materials and Methods: Research was conducted as a cross-sectional descriptor. The sample of the study included 129 people who met the criteria for participation in the study and who applied to Turgut Özal Medical Center between 1 March 2018 and 1 March 2019, and cared for physical therapy and rehabilitation patients. Data was collected by using The Patient Information Form, Personal Care Form, Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which were prepared by the researcher. Results: The mean of the caregiving burden was found to be as 38.48 ± 12.68, and the mean depression score as 13.68 ± 9.41. These values indicate that the caregiving burden is low-moderate and the depression score is mild. There was a significant positive correlation between the scores obtained from ZBI and the scores obtained from BDI (r: 0.782, p<0.001). In the study, it was determined that factors such as age, gender, marital status, degree of proximity, income level, getting help, caregiving break, the presence of chronic disease of the caregiver affect the caregiving burden and depression level. It has been observed that some features of the patients affect the care burden and depression scores. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was determined that the level of depression increased as the caregiving burden increased. A positive relationship was found between the caregiving burden and depression. It is advisable to arrange training and consultancy programs for caregivers to deal with the problems they face and to monitor caregivers at regular intervals.Öğe Caregiving burdens, depression levels, and related factors of attendants who care physical treatment and rehabilitation patients who applied to Turgut Ozal Medical Center(2021) Yilmaz, Ramazan Cihad; Gunes, GulsenAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the caregiving burden, depression and related factors of the caregivers of chronic patients who received physical therapy. Materials and Methods: Research was conducted as a cross-sectional descriptor. The sample of the study included 129 people who met the criteria for participation in the study and who applied to Turgut Özal Medical Center between 1 March 2018 and 1 March 2019, and cared for physical therapy and rehabilitation patients. Data was collected by using The Patient Information Form, Personal Care Form, Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which were prepared by the researcher. Results: The mean of the caregiving burden was found to be as 38.48 ± 12.68, and the mean depression score as 13.68 ± 9.41. These values indicate that the caregiving burden is low-moderate and the depression score is mild. There was a significant positive correlation between the scores obtained from ZBI and the scores obtained from BDI (r:0.782, p<0.001). In the study, it was determined that factors such as age, gender, marital status, degree of proximity, income level, getting help, caregiving break, the presence of chronic disease of the caregiver affect the caregiving burden and depression level. It has been observed that some features of the patients affect the care burden and depression scores. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was determined that the level of depression increased as the caregiving burden increased. A positive relationship was found between the caregiving burden and depression. It is advisable to arrange training and consultancy programs for caregivers to deal with the problems they face and to monitor caregivers at regular intervals.Öğe Cep Telefonu Problemli Kullanım (Pu) Ölçeğinin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması:Geçerlik Ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması(Inonu University Facultyof Medicine, Malatya, Turkey, 2014) Tekin, Ciğdem; Gunes, Gulsen; Colak, CemilÖz: Bu araştırma, Cep Telefonu Problemli Kullanımı (PU) Ölçeği'nin Türk toplumu için geçerlik ve güvenilirliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmış metodolojik türde bir araştırmadır. Araştırma, 2011-2012 Eğitim Öğretim Yılı Bahar döneminde, İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesinde okuyan 387 öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada ölçeğin yanı sıra öğrencilerin tanımlayıcı özelliklerini belirlemeye yönelik soru formu kullanılmıştır. Orijinali Almanca olan ölçek, grup çevirisi ve geri çeviri teknikleri kullanılarak Türkçe'ye çevrilmiştir. Ölçeğin içerik geçerliği için kapsam geçerlik indeksi, yapı geçerliği için açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri, güvenirlik için zamana göre değişmezlik ve iç tutarlılık analizleri yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin Türkçe formu kapsam (içerik) geçerliğini saptamak üzere 10 uzman tarafından değerlendirilmiştir. Uzman önerileri doğrultusunda gerekli düzeltmeler yapılmış ve ölçeğin kapsam (içerik) geçerlik indeksi (KGİ) değeri 0.89 bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini test etmek için açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri yapılmış ve tüm ölçek varyansının % 45'ini açıklayan üç faktörlü yapı elde edilmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenilirlik analizleri için hesaplanan Cronbach Alfa değeri 0.854, ölçeğin toplam puan için test-tekrar test korelasyon katsayısı 0.86 bulunmuştur. Ayrıca ölçeğin ön-test ile tekrar-test toplam puan ortalamaları arasındaki fark, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p = 0.30). Elde edilen bu değerler sonucunda PU ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu belirlenmiştir.Öğe Differences in parents of pediatric liver transplantation and chronic liver disease patients(Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 2020) Akbulut, Sami; Gunes, Gulsen; Saritas, Hasan; Aslan, Bahar; Karipkiz, Yunus; Demyati, Khaled; Gungor, SukruBACKGROUND With advancements in the treatment of chronic liver disease (CLD), including liver transplantation (LT), quality of life and satisfaction after LT have become an important issue for pediatric patients and their parents. More evidence-based information is needed to describe and assess the impact of pediatric CLD on parents and the satisfaction of parents with treatment to better understand their needs. AIM To assess the satisfaction of parents of pediatric LT patients and that of parents of pediatric CLD patients METHODS During this survey, data were collected from parents of pediatric patients who underwent LT between January 2010 and April 2017 (LT group; n = 91) and parents of pediatric patients with chronic liver disease (CLD group; n = 94). Group comparisons were made based on the pediatric health-related quality of life (PedsQL) health care parent satisfaction scale, impact on family scale (IFS) and demographic characteristics. The PedsQL was administered to parents during a phone interview and the results were used to assess the health care-related satisfaction of parents. The IFS was used to assess the impact of the child's CLD status on the family. Demographic variables such as education level (elementary vs middle vs high vs university), monthly income (low vs middle vs high), and place of residence (village vs town vs city) were compared between CLD and LT parent groups. Finally, PedsQL and IFS results were also analyzed according to demographic variables. RESULTS A total of 185 parents aged 19 to 65 years were included. There were statistically significant differences between the LT and CLD groups in terms of career (P < 0.001), monthly income (P = 0.016), and education level (P = 0.041). According to the PedsQL results, family inclusion, communication, technical skills, emotional needs, and overall satisfaction were significantly different between the groups; the LT group had consistently higher scores (P < 0.001). Additionally, scores for the IFS parameters of financial impact, familial-social impact, personal strain, and total impact were consistently higher for the LT group (P < 0.001). There were statistically significant relationships between education level, monthly income, and place of residence according to the IFS results but not the PedsQL results. There were inverse relationships between the difficulties that parents experience because of their child's health and education levels, monthly income, and place of residence. However, no relationship was found between education level, monthly income, or place of residence and satisfaction with health care services provided in the hospital according to the PedsQL results. CONCLUSION Parents of children who underwent LT were very satisfied with the health care services provided to their children. However, they had more difficulties than parents of children with CLD.Öğe The epidemiology and factors associated with nocturnal enuresis among boarding and daytime school children in southeast of Turkey: a cross sectional study(Bmc, 2009) Gunes, Ali; Gunes, Gulsen; Acik, Yasemin; Akilli, AdemBackground: Nocturnal enuresis is an important problem among young children living in Turkey. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible differences in the prevalence of enuresis between children in boarding school and daytime school and the association of enuresis with sociodemographic factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 562 self-administered questionnaires were distrubuted to parents from two different types of schools. One of them was a day-time school and the other was a boarding school. To describe enuresis the ICD-10 definition of at least one wet night per month for three consecutive months was used. Chi-square test and a logistic regression model was used to identify significant predictive factors for enuresis. Results: The overall prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 14.9%. The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis declined with age. Of the 6 year old children 33.3% still wetted their beds, while the ratio was 2.6% for 15 years-olds. There was no significant difference in prevalence of nocturnal enuresis between boys and girls (14.3% versus 16.8%). Enuresis was reported as 18.5% among children attending day time school and among those 11.5% attending boarding school (p < 0.05). Prevalence of enuresis was increased in children living in villages, with low income and with positive family history (p < 0.05). After multivariate analysis, history of urinary tract infection (OR = 2.02), age (OR = 1.28), low monthly income (OR = 2.86) and family history of enuresis (OR = 3.64) were factors associated with enuresis. 46.4% of parents and 57.1% of enuretic children were significantly concerned about the impact of enuresis. Conclusion: Enuresis was more frequent among children attending daytime school when compared to boarding school. Our findings suggest that nocturnal enuresis is a common problem among school children, especially with low income, smaller age, family history of enuresis and history of urinary tract infection. Enuresis is a pediatric public health problem and efforts at all levels should be made such as preventive, etiological and curative.Öğe Experience of workplace violence during medical speciality training in Turkey(Oxford Univ Press, 2008) Acik, Yasemin; Deveci, Erhan; Gunes, Gulsen; Gulbayrak, Canan; Dabak, Sennur; Saka, Gunay; Vural, GulsenAims To determine the type, extent and effects of workplace violence among residents during postgraduate speciality training in various departments of medical schools in Turkey. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in seven medical schools representing all geographical regions of Turkey. All physicians in speciality training in the selected medical schools were asked to complete a semi-structured 'violence questionnaire' addressing the type (emotional, physical and sexual) and extent of violence experienced, the perpetrators of the violence and the victim's reactions to the experience. Results A total of 1712 residents out of 2442 completed the questionnaire. In all, 68% indicated they had experienced some form of workplace violence, 67% had experienced verbal violence, 16% had experienced physical violence and 3% had experienced sexual violence. The victims' most prevalent reactions to violence included being deeply disturbed but feeling they had to cope with it for the sake of their career (39%), being distressed (26%) but considering that such events are common in all occupations and discounting it and being confused and bewildered and unsure how to respond (19%). The most frequently named perpetrators of verbal violence were relatives/friends of patients (36%) and academic staff (36%), followed by other residents/senior residents (21%), patients (20%), heads of department (13%) and non-medical hospital staff (6%). Conclusions Physicians in speciality training in medical schools in Turkey are subject to significant verbal, physical or sexual violence. Precautions to prevent such exposure are urgently needed.Öğe FOOD MARKETING IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT NUTRITION(Nobel Ilac, 2021) Beyazit, Husam; Gunes, GulsenObjective: The food and beverage industry, which have expanded rapidly in recent years, create market potential by influencing children and young adults with the use of high sugar drinks. Therefore, children and young consumers will be the adult consumers and target audience of the future. In this study, the objective was to determine the current order and strategy of the effects of advertising on children and adolescents in the food and beverage industry. Material and Method: This study was conducted as a scope review, and the methodology was derived from published articles in PubMed directed at food marketing in children and adolescences. The study was conducted between 2008 and 2018 and focused on special cases in Turkey, F.urope, and USA. Results: Food preferences develop at a very young age. Awareness levels of parents play a major role in determining the child's eating style. In recent years, the food and beverage industry has chosen young people and children as their target market. The purpose of marketing in this industry has been to create long-term brand loyalty. Conclusion: The role of advertising in the food and beverage industry may play a significant factor in influencing eating preferences and body weight of young people, which is controversial in terms of the growing epidemic of childhood obesity. Government policies are important in this regard. However; more research are still needed and may draw attention to the prevalence of food marketing on children's healthy eating.Öğe General home hygiene practices and infectious disease transmission in Malatya, Turkey(Professional Medical Publications, 2011) Aylaz, Rukuye; Gunes, Gulsen; Pehlivan, Erkan; Karaoglu, LeylaObjective: To determine the general home hygiene practices of housewives and to examine the relationship between hygienic practices in the home and the transmission of infectious diseases symptoms among housewifes. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 339 housewifes. The questionnaire included questions about home hygiene practices: general cleaning, laundry, kitchen hygiene and sociodemographic characteristics and about illness information including whether or not some symptoms had been present within the previous 30 days. The dependent variable, infectious disease transmission was defined as the presence in two or more individuals within the same household of one or more of the same symptoms. Results: In more than one-third of households (122 of 339, 36%), had symptoms during the previous 30 days. Transmission was 16.0% among women who used self-disinfecting sponge, 42.6% among women who used only sponge or clothe (p=0.001). Transmission was found higher among those who used detergent or soap for floor cleaning than women who used bleach. Duration of sponge/clothe use in kitchen and frequency of using bleach was found significant. Conclusion: Home hygiene practices was found relevant to transmission of infectious disease symptoms among household members. Use of disinfectants in home cleaning can have an effective role in home hygiene and healthcare situations.Öğe The Humoral Immun Response of Mice to Liposomes Containing Brucella melitensis Outer Membrane Fragments(Medwell Online, 2008) Onurdag, Fatma Kaynak; Degim, Tuncer; Degim, Zelihagul; Kutlu, Ismail; Kaynar, Ozgur; Gunes, Gulsen; Abbasoglu, UflikBrucellosis is an important zoonotic disease and the prevention is made by vaccination of animals. For ewes Brucella melitensis REV-I live attenuated vaccine is widely used but because of some risks such as being infected during the vaccination, re-infection of animals, a new vaccine with less side effect is need to be improved. In this Study it was aimed to determine a strong humoral immune response by encapsulating the Brucella outer membrane antigens with the optimum liposome formulation and the statistical analyses showed that the Brucella outer membrane extract encapsulated with liposome can evoke humoral immune response better than live attenuated B. melitensis REV-1 vaccine in mice.Öğe Information and Practices about Childrens’ Dental Health of the Mothers Have 2-4 Year Old and Who Applied Sıtmapınarı Family Health Center in the City of Malatya(Medicine Science, 2016) Gunes, Gulsen; Seyitoglu, Duygu Celik; Sahin, SelaleÖz: Türk Diş Hekimleri Birliğine göre; okul öncesinde çürük ve sonuçlarını taşıyan çocukların yaygınlığı % 80'lerin üzerinde bulunmaktadır. Diş fırçalamanın, çürük riskini anlamlı olarak azalttığı bilinen bir gerçektir. Erken çocukluk döneminde diş sağlığının korunması ve bazı alışkanlıkların kazandırılması annelerin bilgi ve tutumlarıyla çok ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmamızda amacımız; annelerde çocuklarının ağız ve diş sağlığıyla ilgili bilgi düzeylerini ve uygulamalarını belirlemektir. Araştırma kesitsel tipte bir çalışma olup Sıtmapınarı Aile Sağlığı Merkezine başvuran 2-4 yaşında çocuğu olan annelerle yapıldı. 331 anneye 21 sorudan oluşan anket formu uygulandı. Anket formu sosyodemografik özelliklerin yanında annelerin ağız ve diş sağlığı uygulamalarına ve bilgi düzeylerine ilişkin sorulardan oluşmaktaydı. Çalışmanın yapılabilmesi için Malatya Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan ve Malatya Halk Sağlığı Müdürlüğün'den izin alındı. Verilerin analizinde Ki-kare, Unparied T testi ve One Way Anova testi kullanıldı. Çalışmamıza katılan annelerin % 40,5' i çocuğunun dişini fırçalamaktadır. Annelerde diş macunu florlu olması gerektiğini bilme oranı %24,8, florun ne işe yaradığını bilme oranı ise %28,2'dir. Annelerin % 33,2' si çürük oluşması kolaylaştıran çocuğunun yemeğinin tadını aynı kaşıkla kontrol etme uygulaması içindedirler. Annelerin çocuklarının dişini fırçalama uygulamalarını ve ağız diş sağlığı bilgi düzeylerini annenin eğitim düzeyi, sosyoekonomik durumu, çalışıyor olup olmaması, kendi dişlerini fırçalama durumu anlamlı olarak etkilemektedir (p<0,05). Annenin yaşı açısından ise fark saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Ağız ve diş sağlığını kötü yönde etkileyen uygulamalar yaygındır. Toplumdaki bu yanlış uygulamalara müdahale edilmelidir. Flor jel ve vernik uygulamasının nedenleri ve diş fırçalamanın önemi konusunda anneler bilinçlendirilmelidir Başlık (İngilizce): Malatya Sıtmapınarı ASM ’ye Başvuran 2-4 Yaş Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Çocuklarının Diş Sağlığına Ait Bilgi Düzeyi ve Uygulamaları Öz (İngilizce): According to the Dental Association of Turkey, the prevalence of the preschool children having caries and bearing its consequences is over 80%. It is a common known fact that brushing teeth decreases the risk of caries in teeth at a meaningful level. Protection of dental health in early childhood and giving the habits of keeping the teeth healthy to children are closely related with the knowledge and attitudes of mothers. In this study our purpose is to determine knowledge and practices of mothers about dental and oral health of their children. The study is a cross-sectional study, and has been conducted with the mothers having children between the ages 2-4 who applied to Sıtmapınarı Family Health Center. A questionnaire consisting of 21 questions was applied to 331 mothers. The questionnaire form included questions on the socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers as well as their information levels on the practices on oral and dental health. In the analyses of the data, the Chi-Square Test, Unpaired T Test and One Way Anova Tests were used. 40,5% of the children of the mothers who participated in our study brush their teeth. The rate of knowing that the toothpaste must include fluorine among the mothers has been determined as 24,8%; and the rate of knowing why the fluorine is added to the toothpastes has been determined as 28,2%. 33,2% of the mothers are inclined to check the food of their children with the same spoon their children are using during the meal, which makes it easier for caries to appear. The educational level, socio-economic status, working or not working of mother, brushing their own teeth or not influenced the brushing the teeth behavior of the children and the knowledge levels of the mothers on dental and oral health (p<0,05). There was no differences in terms of the age of the mothers (p>0,05). In conclusion, wrong practices that influence the oral and dental health in a bad way are very common. The intervention about oral and dental health should be done in community. Mothers must be informed on the reasons of the fluorine gel and polisher agents, and also on the importance of brushing teethÖğe İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Engellilere Yönelik Tutum Ve Davranışları(Medicine Science, 2016) Gokce, Ayse; Gunes, Gulsen; Çelik, Duygu SeyitogluÖz: Engellilik fiziksel, zihinsel veya psikolojik işlev veya yapı farklılığından kaynaklanan ve söz konusu bireyin profesyonel hayata katılımını zorlaştıran bir durumdur. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu'nun 2011 yılındaki verilerine göre Türkiye nüfusunun %12.29 unu engelli bireylerin meydana getirdiği belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışma İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin engelli bireylere karşı tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma kesitsel tipte bir çalışma olup, 2015 Şubat-Mart ayında İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerine yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın yapıldığı dönemde İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nde bulunan 1298 öğrenci için minimum örneklem büyüklüğü formülü hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmaya 658 kişi katılmıştır. Veri toplama gözlem altında anket tekniği ile yapılmış olup, anket iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde katılımcıların sosyodemografik özelliklerine ilişkin sorular sorulmuş, ikinci bölümünde ise Dökmen Z. Tarafından 2000 yılında geliştirilen Engellilere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız örnekler için t testi, Tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalaması 21.94±2.28'dir. Öğrencilerin %53.9 u erkek,%46.1 i kadındır. Öğrencilerin % 31.5 unun ailesinde veya çevresinde engelli bireylerin olduğunu; %3.7 sinin ise kendisinin bir engeli olduğunu belirtmiştir. Öğrencilerin ailesinde veya çevresinde engelli birey bulunan grubun puan ortalaması 66.66±19.84, olmayan grubun ise 68.90±19.61 dir(p>0.05). Bireyin kendisinin bir engeli olan grubun puan ortalaması 70.14±19.00 olmayan grubun ortalaması 68.18±19.74 dir (p>0.05). Araştırmamıza göre; tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin engelli bireylere yönelik olumlu tutumlarının olduğu görülmektedir. Yaş, aile tipi gibi faktörler engellilere yönelik tutumun değişmesine neden olmuştur. Toplumun her kesimiyle yakın ilişkide bulunan tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin mesleki eğitimlerine ek olarak engelli bireylere olan tutumunu daha olumlu hale getirecek müfredat programlarının arasına yerleştirilebilecek sosyal faaliyetler planlanmalıdır.Öğe İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerine İlişkin Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi(Medicine Science, 2016) Seyitoglu, Duygu Celik; Gunes, Gulsen; Gokce, AyseÖz: Toplumsal cinsiyet kadının ve erkeğin sosyal olarak belirlenmiş kişilik özelliklerini, rol ve sorumluluklarını ifade eder. Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ise geleneksel olarak kadınlarla ve erkeklerle ilişkili olduğu kabul edilen rolleri ifade etmektedir. Toplumsal cinsiyet rolü, kültürel olarak kadına ve erkeğe uygun görülen kişilik özellikleri ve davranışları içerir. Bu çalışmanın amacı İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarını belirlemek ve etkileyen faktörleri incelemektir. Araştırma kesitsel tipte bir çalışma olup, Aralık 2014-Mart 2015 tarihleri arasında İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nde yapıldı. Çalışmanın yapılabilmesi için Malatya Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan ve İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nden yazılı izin alındı. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nde bulunan 1298 öğrenci için minimum örneklem büyüklüğü formülü hesaplandı. Minimum örneklem büyüklüğü 328 bulundu. Çalışmaya başlarken sınıf listesinden basit rastgele yöntemle öğrencilerin yarısı seçildi. 684 öğrenci araştırma kapsamına alındı. Veri toplama aracı olarak birinci kısmı katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özelliklerden ikinci kısmı ise Zeyneloğlu tarafından geliştirilen "Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerine İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği"nden (TCRTÖ) oluşan anket formu kullanıldı. Bu ölçek 38 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Ölçekten alınabilecek en yüksek puan 190, en düşük puan ise 38'dir. Yüksek puan almak eşitlikçi tutuma sahip olmak anlamına gelmektedir. Ölçeğe ait beş alt boyut mevcut olup bunlar; eşitlikçi cinsiyet, kadın cinsiyet, evlilikte cinsiyet, geleneksel cinsiyet ve erkek cinsiyet rolleridir. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız örnekler için istatistiksel analizlerde Mann Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis Testi (Post Hoc Bonferroni) yapıldı. Araştırmamıza katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 22,00±2,23'tür. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin %40,8'i erkek, %59,2'si kadındır. Öğrencilerin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutum ölçeğinden aldıkları toplam puan ortancası 139 (min 53-max 185) bulunmuştur. Kız öğrencilerin 146 puan ortancası ile anlamlı olarak daha eşitlikçi tutum gösterdikleri bulunmuştur (p=0.001). 17-19 yaş grubunda ölçekten alınan puan ortancası 143 iken, 25 yaş üstü kişilerde puan ortancası 135'tir (p=0,027). Annesi çalışıyor olan öğrencilerin puan ortancası 146, annesi çalışmayanların 137 bulunmuştur (p=0,001). Öğrencilerin aile tipine göre ölçekten alınan puan ortancası karşılaştırıldığında ise geniş ailede yaşayan öğrencilerde 127, çekirdek ailede yaşayan öğrencilerde ise 140'dır (p=0.004). Anne eğitim durumuna göre TCRTÖ ortanca puanları değerlendirildiğinde annelerinin eğitim olmayan öğrencilerin puan ortancası 133, annesi üniversite mezunu olan öğrencilerin puan ortancaları 145 bulunmuştur. (p=0,010). Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri alt boyutlarından alınan puanlar cinsiyetle karşılaştırıldığında tüm alt boyutlarda kız öğrenciler erkeklere göre anlamlı olarak daha eşitlikçi tutuma sahiptirler (p=0,001). Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada tıp öğrencilerinin diğer fakültelerde yapılan çalışmalara göre daha eşitlikçi bir tutum gösterdikleri saptanmıştır. Kız öğrenciler, yaşı daha genç olan öğrenciler, çekirdek aile yapısında yaşayanlar, annesi çalışan ve anne eğitim düzeyi yüksek olanlar daha eşitlikçi tutum göstermektedirler. Tıp fakültelerinde toplumsal cinsiyetle ilgili derslerin müfredata eklenebilir, özellikle erkek öğrencilerin katılımıyla akran eğitimleri düzenlenebilir Başlık (İngilizce): Determining the Attitudes of the Students of Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, on Social Gender Roles Öz (İngilizce): Social gender tells about the personality traits, roles and responsibilities defined socially for women and men in the society. Social gender roles, on the other hand, tell about the roles that are considered to be related with men and women in a traditional way. Social gender role includes the personality traits and behaviors that are considered to be proper for men and women in a cultural manner. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of the students at Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, on social gender roles, and examine the factors that are effective on these attitudes. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study, and was conducted atInonu University, Faculty of Medicine between the dates December 2014 - March 2015. Written approval was received from Malatya Clinical Researches Ethics Board and InonuUniversity, Faculty of Medicine in order to conduct the study. The minimum sampling size formula was calculated for the 1298 students studying at InonuUniversity, Faculty of Medicine. The minimum sampling size was found as 328. Half of the students were selected randomly from the class lists at the beginning of the study. 684 students were included in the study. The questionnaire form which included the “Attitude Scale on Social Gender Roles” (ASGR), whose first part was developed by the socio-demographic properties of the participants, and the second part developed by the researcher, was used as the data collection tool. This scale consists of 38 Items. The highest point that may be received from the scale is 190 and the lowest is 38. Receiving high points means having an egalitarian attitude. There are five sub-dimensions of the scale and they are; egalitarian gender, woman gender, gender at marriage, traditional gender and male gender roles. In statistical analyses of the data for the independent variables, the Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis Test (Post Hoc Bonferroni) were used. The mean age of the participant students was 22±2,23. 40,8% of the participants were male, and 59,2% were female. The average of the total points of the students received from the Attitude Scale on Social Gender Roles was found as 139 (min 53-max 185). It was determined that female students had significantly more egalitarian attitude with 146 median points (p=0.001). While the median points received in the 17-19 age group was 143, it was 135 in people over 25 years of age 135 (p=0,027). The median points of the students whose mothers worked was found to be 146, and of those whose mothers did not work was found as 137 (p=0,001). When the median points of the students received from the scale in terms of their families were compared, it was determined that it was 127 in students who lived in a wide family, and 140 in those who lived in an elementary family (p=0.004). When the median points of the ASGR were considered according to the educational status of the mothers, it was determined that the median points of those students whose mothers were not educated was 133; and the median points of those whose mothers were university graduates was found as 145 (p=0,010). When the points received from the social gender roles sub-dimensions were considered, it was observed that female students had meaningfully more egalitarian attitudes when compared with the male students (p=0,001). In this study, which was conducted to determine the attitudes of the students of faculty of medicine on social gender roles, it was determined that the students showed a more egalitarian attitudes when compared with other university students. Female students, younger students, those living in elementary families, those whose mothers are working and have higher educational status show more egalitarian attitudes. It may be recommended that classes on social gender may be added to the curriculum in medicine faculties, and peer trainings may be organized with the participation of especially male studentsÖğe KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIOR OF MOTHERS LIVING IN MALATYA PROVINCE ABOUT BREASTFEEDING THEIR BABIES(Nobel Ilac, 2020) Gunes, Gulsen; Ayhan, Gulsen Ozdemir; Mete, Burak; Aylaz, RukuyeObjective: Breastfeeding is the most appropriate way for healthy growth of infants. Breastfeeding is the simplest, rational and economic step that can be taken for a healthy life. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting breastfeeding behavior of breastfeeding mothers and their knowledge about breastfeeding. Material and Method: This is a cross-sectional study. In this study conducted in Malatya center in 2017, 200 women selected as sampling were included in the study. A questionnaire was used to question the knowledge and behaviors of breast milk. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 29.41 +/- 5.96. 60.0% of the women stated that they breastfed their babies within the first half hour after birth, 88.0% stated that their first food was breast milk, and 73.0% stated that they breastfed their babies whenever they wanted. 54.0% of the mothers expressed that they gave water to their baby while giving breast milk. The average duration of mothers feeding their babies with only breast milk is 5 months. The total duration of breastfeeding is longer in mothers aged 36 years and older. It was observed that university mothers and high income mothers had higher levels of knowledge about breast milk (p<0.05). Conclusion: In breastfeeding mothers in the city center of Malatya, only breastfeeding time was below the recommended period (6 months). Most mothers gave their baby breast milk as the first food. In the first 6 months, breastfeeding rate is high. Training should be increased for mothers with low education and income.Öğe Prevalence of metabolic syndrome, its relationship with mental health (anger) and sociodemographic characteristics in women residing in central district of Malatya: a cross-sectional observational study(Aves Yayincilik, 2013) Cetin, Feray; Gunes, Gulsen; Ozer, Ali[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Prevalence of metabolic syndrome, its relationship with mental health (anger) and sociodemographic characteristics in women residing in central district of Malatya: a cross-sectional observational study(Aves Yayincilik, 2012) Cetin, Feray; Gunes, Gulsen; Ozer, AliObjective: The purpose of this study is to determine prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its relationship with mental health (anger) and sociodemographic characteristics in women residing central district of Malatya. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted between April and September 2008. The relationships between MetS and mental health (anger) and sociodemographic properties were examined. Chi-square and Student t-test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Mean age of the women included in this study was 41.9 +/- 12.7 years. MetS prevalence was 30.9%, for the age group of 60 and over prevalence was 61.3%. There was a statistically meaningful relation between MetS prevalence and the educational background, marital status, body-mass index (BMI) and family type (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between MetS and anger status in the study group (p>0.05). The most common MetS parameters findings of our study were abdominal obesity (45.6%, waist circumference>88 cm) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Among MetS diagnosed women included in this study the most common finding was fasting blood glucose (76.7%), which were followed by high triglycerides (69.4%) and hypertension (63.5%). Conclusion: Taking control over or avoiding obesity plays a crucial role in prevention of MetS development. There was a significant relationship between MetS prevalence and education, BMI and family type in the study group. In the current study, there was no any significant relation between MetS and anger scale. (Anadolu Kardiyol Berg 2012; 12: 53-9)Öğe The prevalence of nutritional anemia in pregnancy in an east Anatolian province, Turkey(Bmc, 2010) Karaoglu, Leyla; Pehlivan, Erkan; Egri, Mucahit; Deprem, Cihan; Gunes, Gulsen; Genc, Metin F.; Temel, IsmailBackground: Anemia is considered a severe public health problem by World Health Organization when anemia prevalence is equal to or greater than 40% in the population. The purpose of this study was to determine the anemia prevalence with the associated factors in pregnant women and to determine the serum iron, folate and B12 vitamin status in anaemic pregnants in Malatya province. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey. A multi-sage stratified probability-proportional-to-size cluster sampling methodology was used. A total of 823 pregnant women from sixty clusters were studied. Women were administered a questionnaire related with the subject and blood samples were drawn. Total blood count was performed within four hours and serum iron, folate and B12 vitamin were studied after storing sera at -20 C for six months. Results: Anemia prevalence was 27.1% (Hb < 11.0 gr/dl). Having four or more living children (OR = 2.2), being at the third trimester (OR = 2.3) and having a low family income (OR = 1.6) were determined as the independent predictors of anemia in pregnancy. Anemia was also associated with soil eating (PICA) in the univariate analysis (p < 0.05). Of anaemic women, 50.0% had a transferrin saturation less than 10% indicating iron deficiency, 34.5% were deficient in B12 vitamin and 71.7% were deficient in folate. Most of the anemias were normocytic-normochromic (56.5%) indicating mixed anemia. Conclusions: In Malatya, for pregnant women anemia was a moderate public health problem. Coexisting of iron, folate and B vitamin deficiencies was observed among anaemics. To continue anemia control strategies with reasonable care and diligence was recommended.
