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    Metoclopramide increased cell proliferation in HepG2 cell line and sorafenib attenuated the effect
    (2020) Gunes Ozunal, Zeynep; Donmez, Yaprak; Tekin, Sena; Saglam, Esra; Aktas, Rana Gulhan
    Aim: Metoclopramide is an antiemetic drug used for treating postoperative or chemotherapy-induced emesis. Sorafenib is a kinase inhibitor drug and is approved for the treatment of advanced primary liver cancer, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. Hepatocellular cancer is a common cause of cancer-related death and its treatment may require coadministration of an antiemetic medication. The study aims to investigate the effect of metoclopramide on hepatocellular cancer cell proliferation alone or in combination with sorafenib. Material and Methods: Metoclopramide doses of 0.17 µM to 25 µM alone or in combination with sorafenib were administered to human hepatocellular cancer cell line, HepG2. Cell viability and proliferation test was used to determine the possible effects on proliferation. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was performed to visualize the morphological effects of the treatments.Results: Metoclopramide doses of 0.58 µM, 25µM increased cell proliferation when compared to the control group. Metoclopramide combination groups with 9.9 µM sorafenib were compared with control and sorafenib groups. Each combination group was comparable with the control group. Metoclopramide increased proliferation in certain doses. Safety concerns about its use in hepatocellular cancer should be confirmed in clinical trials Each combination group was comparable with the control group.Conclusion: Metoclopramide increased proliferation in certain doses. Sorafenib inhibited the effect. Safety concerns about its use in hepatocellular cancer should be addressed in clinical trials.
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    Renin-angiotensin system in stress response and the effect of chronic exercise in healthy volunteersZeynep Gunes Ozunal
    (2020) Gunes Ozunal, Zeynep; Sen, Selcuk; Karamursel, Sacit; Omer, Beyhan; Sabirli, Soner
    Aim: Stress is a multidisciplinary field of research. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components have been shown to be involved in stress. Exercise also can be considered as a stress factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the RAS components and effect of chronic exercise on stress response in a prospective design. Material and Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited to the study. Trier psychosocial stress test was used to simulate psychosocial stress. Blood pressure, heart rate, plasma renin activity and angiotensin II, salivary cortisol were measured. Subjective stress perception is assessed. Results: Blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), Angiotensin II (Ang II) increased with the stress test. There was no statistically significant increase in salivary cortisol and heart rate levels with Trier social stress test (TSST) both before and after exercise. Self-ratings of the exercise adherence ratio were high as 72%.Conclusion: Monitoring for a longer duration of time after stress can better explain stress response and RAS.