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    Effectiveness of Interventions in Reducing Substance-Related Stigma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Gur, Ganime Can; Yilmaz, Emine
    The purpose of this study was to undertake a quantitative analysis to determine the effectiveness of interventions designed in reducing different types of stigma (self-stigma, social stigma, and structural stigma) for the substance use. This study followed the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions guideline. This study followed the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions guideline. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE. These electronic databases were searched research published in English from date of their inception to July 15, 2021. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated interventions on stigma associated with substance use were included. Studies should include at least one stigma outcome involving self-stigma, social stigma, or structural stigmatization. Ten randomized controlled studies were included. The overall Hedges'g for the interventions' impact on reducing stigma was 0.301, 95%CI = [-0.154- 0.755], p = 0.195, that there was no statistically significant difference. However, the meta-analysis showed that interventions had no significant impact on self-stigma [0.682, 95% CI=(-0.015-1.380), p = 0.055] and social stigma [0.198, 95% CI=(-1.271-0.876), p = 0.718] but had a small but significant impact in favor of the experimental group on reducing structural stigma [0.360 (95% CI= 0.156-0.564), p = 0.00]. According to subgroup analyses, there was no difference in the effects of stigma according to the type of intervention, the number of sessions, or the type of group. The interventions for reducing stigma related to substance use are promising. It seems to have a small but significant positive impact on structural stigma.
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    Mindfulness-based empathy training supported by Obese Simulation Suit: Randomized Controlled Trial
    (Springer, 2024) Gur, Ganime Can; Yilmaz, Emine
    Nursing serves as the foundation of patient-centered healthcare services, and the empathetic connections formed between nurses and patients are integral to delivering quality care. In this context, the mental well-being and empathy levels of nurses significantly impact the efficiency of healthcare services and patient contentment. This study investigates the impact of mindfulness-based empathy training and obese simulation suits on nursing students' attitudes and empathy levels towards obese patients. The research, conducted as a randomized controlled trial, encompassed 84 nursing students and employed the Attitude Scale Towards Obese Patients, Jefferson Empathy Scale for Nursing Students, and Descriptive Information Form. Data analysis involved two-factor ANOVA for mixed measurements. The study revealed significant interaction effects between group and time concerning nursing students' attitudes towards obese individuals [F(1,70) = 43.281, p < 0.05] as well as their empathy levels towards obese individuals [F(1,70) = 15.657, p < 0.05]. The experimental group exhibited a noteworthy increase in both attitudes and empathy levels compared to the control group. Furthermore, Single Factor ANOVA for Repeated Measures revealed a statistically significant difference in the experimental group's attitudes and empathy scores across pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessments [p < 0.01, partial eta 2 = 0.492 and 0.186, respectively]. These findings underscore the effectiveness of these interventions in enhancing essential nursing competencies necessary for providing comprehensive patient care. Thus, integrating these methods into the curriculum is recommended to cultivate more positive attitudes and heightened empathy among nursing students, particularly concerning obese patients, throughout their educational journey.