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Öğe The Effects of Different Burn Dressings on Length of Telomere and Expression of Telomerase in Children With Thermal Burns(Oxford Univ Press, 2019) Gurunluoglu, Kubilay; Demircan, Mehmet; Koc, Ahmet; Kocbiyik, Alper; Tasci, Aytac; Durmus, Kubra; Gurunluoglu, SemraBackground: Burns are a common traumatic injury triggered by local tissue damage and a systemic response. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different burn dressings on telomere kinetics in children with thermal burn injury. Methods: Sixty children with thermal burn were included in this prospective study. The burn area of the patients included 20 to 50% total body surface area. Three different dressings (hydrofiber with silver [HFAg], poylactic membrane [PLM], and silver sulfadiazine [SSD]) and control groups were created. Telomere length in nucleated blood cells and telomerase expression in the skin tissue were evaluated in control and burn groups. Results: In the whole burn groups, telomere length in blood cells increased. The length of telomeres increased the most in the SSD group. The PLM group is the treatment that increases the number of squamous cell counts in the basal layer and telomerase expression in the skin. In HFAg and SSD groups, the expression of telomerase in the skin is decreased. In the HFAg group, the basal layer in the skin was also reduced in squamous cells. Conclusion: In all burn groups, the telomere length of nucleated cells in the blood was higher than in the control group. SSD dressing along with autografting is the treatment method that maximizes telomere length in blood cells. The PLM has the most increased telomerase expression in the skin of burned patients. The PLM application increases the number of cells on both burned and normal skin.Öğe Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, S-100 Protein and Synaptophysin Expression in Biliary Atresia Gallbladder Tissue(Korean Soc Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, 2021) Gurunluoglu, Semra; Ceran, Canan; Gurunluoglu, Kubilay; Kocbiyik, Alper; Gul, Mehmet; Yildiz, Turan; Bag, Harika GozukaraPurpose: Biliary atresia (BA) is a disease that manifests as jaundice after birth and leads to progressive destruction of the ductal system in the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate histopathological changes and immunohistochemically examine the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), synaptophysin, and S-100 protein in the gallbladder of BA patients. Methods: The study included a BA group of 29 patients and a control group of 41 children with cholecystectomy. Gallbladder tissue removed during surgery was obtained and examined immunohistochemically and histopathologically. Tissue samples of both groups were immunohistochemically assessed in terms of GDNF, S-100 protein, and synaptophysin expression. Expression was classified as present or absent. Inflammatory activity assessment with hematoxylin and eosin staining and fibrosis assessment with Masson's trichrome staining were performed for tissue sample sections of both groups. Results: Ganglion cells were not present in gallbladder tissue samples of the BA group. Immunohistochemically, GDNF, synaptophysin, and S-100 expression was not detected in the BA group. Histopathological examination revealed more frequent fibrosis and slightly higher inflammatory activity in the BA than in the control group. Conclusion: We speculate that GDNF expression will no longer continue in this region, when the damage caused by inflammation of the extrahepatic bile ducts reaches a critical threshold. The study's findings may represent a missing link in the chain of events forming the etiology of BA and may be helpful in its diagnosis.Öğe Global gene expression profiling in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Gurunluoglu, Kubilay; Dundar, Muhammed; Unver, Turgay; Akpinar, Necmettin; Gokce, Ismail Kursad; Gurunluoglu, Semra; Demircan, MehmetCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an anomaly characterized by a defect in the diaphragm, leading to the passage of intra-abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. Herein, the presented work analyzes the global gene expression profiles in nine CDH and one healthy newborn. All of the patients had left posterolateral (Bochdalek) diaphragmatic hernia, operated via an abdominal approach, and stomach and bowels in the thorax cavity. Some patients also had additional anomalies. A total of 560 differentially regulated genes were measured. Among them, 11 genes showed significant changes in expression associated with lung tissue, vascular structure development, and vitamin A metabolism, which are typical ontologies related to CDH etiology. Among them, SLC25A24 and RAB3IL1 are involved in angiogenesis, HIF1A and FOXC2-AS1 are related with the alveolus, MAGI2-AS3 is associated with the diaphragm, LHX4 and DHH are linked with the lung, and BRINP1, FZD9, WNT4, and BLOC1S1-RDH5 are involved in retinol. Besides, the expression levels of some previously claimed genes with CDH etiology also showed diverse expression patterns in different patients. All these indicated that CDH is a complex, multigenic anomaly, requiring holistic approaches for its elucidation.Öğe Global gene expression profiling in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients (vol 22, pg 359, 2022)(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Gurunluoglu, Kubilay; Dundar, Muhammed; Unver, Turgay; Akpinar, Necmettin; Gokce, Ismail Kursad; Gurunluoglu, Semra; Demircan, Mehmet[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Histopathologic and electron microscopic investigation of the damage to liver tissue caused by parenteral nutrition combined with starvation in rabbits(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2021) Gurunluoglu, Semra; Gul, Mehmet; Bag, Harika GozukaraAim of the study: To conduct a histopathological examination of the damaging effects of the combination of parenteral nutrition (PN) with starvation on liver tissue using transmission electron and light microscopy. Material and methods: Four groups (n = 14 each) consisting of equal numbers of female and male New Zealand rabbits were formed: a group left completely unfed and receiving full-dose PN (full-dose PN group), a group provided with feed covering half its nutritional needs and receiving half-dose PN (half-dose PN + oral nutrition group), a group provided with feed covering half its nutritional needs (semi-starvation group), and a group provided with feed covering all its nutritional needs (control group). After 10 days, all rabbits were weighed, anesthetized, and euthanized, and liver tissue samples were collected. Histopathologic examination was performed by a surgical pathologist blinded to the experimental groups. Portal inflammation, ballooning degeneration, apoptosis and fibrosis were evaluated and statistically analyzed. Results: Severe portal inflammation, moderate portal fibrosis, slight ballooning degeneration, and moderate apoptosis were found in the full-dose PN group. Mild portal inflammation, fibrosis and mild apoptosis were found in the half-dose PN + oral nutrition group. The results of the other two groups were found normal. Conclusions: Liver damage caused by PN combined with starvation can be devastating. The damage can be minimized by combining PN with enteral nutrition.Öğe Histopathologic and Electron Microscopic Investigation of the Effects of Parenteral Nutrition Combined with Starvation on Kidney Tissue of Rabbits(Aves, 2021) Gurunluoglu, Semra; Gul, Mehmet; Gozukara, HarikaObjective: To conduct a histopathologic examination of the effects of a combination of parenteral nutrition (PN) and starvation on rabbits' kidney tissue using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Methods: Four groups consisting of equal numbers of adult female and male New Zealand rabbits were formed (n = 14 each). Rabbits in the PN + oral feeding group were provided with half of their daily caloric needs from rabbit feed and the other half through PN. Rabbits in the PN + starvation group received a full dose of PN daily and received no feed. Rabbits in the half-starvation group were provided with rabbit feed covering only half their daily caloric needs. Rabbits in the control group were provided with all their caloric needs from rabbit feed. After 10 days, all the rabbits were weighed, anesthetized, and euthanized, and their kidney tissue samples were collected. Histopathologic examination was performed by a surgical pathologist blinded to the experimental groups. Results: The kidney tissue samples of rabbits in the PN + starvation group showed mild tubular dilatation, mild tubular degeneration, moderate renal inflammation, mild interstitial fibrosis, and increased apoptosis. The destructive effects were considerably milder in the PN + oral feeding group. Conclusion: PN combined with starvation can cause devastating damage to the kidneys. The damage can be minimized by combining PN with enteral nutrition.Öğe Histopathological and ultra-structural investigation of the damaging effects of hypoinsulinemia, hyper glycaemia and oxidative stress caused by parenteral nutrition combined with fasting on the small intestine of rabbits(Elsevier, 2023) Gurunluoglu, Semra; Gul, Mehmet; Gurunluoglu, Kubilay; Kocbiyik, Alper; Gul, Semir; Bag, Harika Gozukara; Uremis, Muhammed MehdiBackground and study aims: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a life-saving practice when the use of the gastrointestinal tract is not appropriate. Despite its great benefits, however, PN may cause several complications. In this study, we conducted histopathological and ultra-structural examinations of the effect of PN combined with starvation on the small intestines of rabbits.Materials and methods: Rabbits were divided into four groups. A fasting + PN group was left completely unfed and received all its daily required energy by PN through an intravenous central catheter. An oral feeding + PN group received half the necessary daily calories by oral feeding and the other half through PN. A semi-starvation group received only half the necessary daily calories by oral feeding and no PN. The fourth group, serving as a control, was supplied with its entire daily energy requirements through oral feeding. After 10 days, the rabbits were euthanized. Blood and small intestine tissue samples were collected from all groups. Blood samples were bio-chemically analysed, and tissue samples were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy.Results: The fasting + PN group exhibited lower insulin levels, higher glucose levels, and increased systemic oxidative stress than the other groups. Ultra-structural and histopathological examinations revealed a significant increase in apoptotic activity in this group's small intestines and a significant decrease in villus length and crypt depth. Severe damage to the intracellular organelles and nuclei of enterocytes was also observed.Conclusion: PN combined with starvation appears to cause apoptosis in the small intestine due to oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia with hypoinsulinemia, with destructive effects on small intestine tissue. Adding enteral nutrition to PN may reduce these destructive effects.Öğe Investigation of the cardiotoxic effects of parenteral nutrition in rabbits(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2020) Gurunluoglu, Kubilay; Gul, Mehmet; Kocbiyik, Alper; Koc, Ahmet; Uremis, Nuray; Gurunluoglu, Semra; Bag, Harika GozukaraIntroduction: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is used for the intravenous delivery of nutrients to patients who cannot take food orally. However, it is not clear whether PN also negatively impacts cardiac tissue. The present empirical study investigated the cardiac effects of PN in rabbits. Methods: The effects of PN were examined in three groups of rabbits: animals in the PN + fasting group (n = 14) had been fully fasted before receiving a full PN dose via an intravenous central catheter; the PN + oral feeding group (n = 14) received half of the daily calorie requirement as a half dose of PN via an intravenous central catheter; the third group consisted of controls (n = 14) with full enteral feeding and full enteral fluid intake with no PN and no central venous catheter. Al the end of the 10-day study period, the rabbits were subjected to echocardiographic examination and euthanized. Blood and tissue samples were obtained from all groups. DNA was isolated from nucleated blood cells. Tissue samples were examined by both light and electron microscopy, relative telomere length was determined from DNA, and blood samples were analyzed biochemically. Results: At the end of the study, there were no statistically significant differences in weight change between the three groups. Echocardiography revealed minimally impaired diastolic function in the PN + fasting group compared to the other groups. Biochemical and histopathological analyses, relative telomere length determination, and electron micrographs showed significant cardiac damage in the PN + fasting group but not in the PN + oral feeding group or the control group. The blood biochemical analyses showed hyperglycemia and a low insulin level in the PN + fasting group but not in the other two groups. Conclusions: A combination of PN and fasting may damage the cardiac muscle cells of rabbits via a mechanism involving hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Additional enteral feeding may protect against the destructive effects of PN on cardiac tissue. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Ninety Sixth-Hour Impact of Scalding Burns on End Organ Damage, Systemic Oxidative Stress, and Wound Healing in Rats Treated With Three Different Types of Dressings(Oxford Univ Press, 2024) Aslan, Mehmet; Gul, Mehmet; Uremis, Nuray; Akbulut, Sami; Gurunluoglu, Semra; Ozsoy, Eda Nur; Turkoz, YusufIn this study, we investigated the effects of 3 different burn dressing treatments, including experimental, silver, and modern dressing materials, on systemic oxidative stress in rats with severe scald burns within the first 96 h. The rats were divided into five groups: a burn group (n = 10), a polylactic membrane group (n = 10), a silver sulfadiazine group (n = 10), a curcumin group (n = 10), and a control group (n = 10), consisting of equal numbers of female and male rats. In the first 4 groups, 30% of the rats' total body surface area was scalded at 95 degrees C. The burn group was not treated. Each group was treated with group-name dressing material. The control group was neither treated nor burned. The rats were sacrificed, and blood and tissue samples were obtained at the 96th hour when severe effects of oxidative stress developed postburns. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress parameters were examined. In addition, apoptosis and organ damage in liver, kidney, lung, and skin tissues were evaluated biochemically and histopathologically. When the parameters were statistically analyzed, we found that the systemic levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory damage to liver, kidney, and lung tissues were lower in the 3 treated groups than in the burn group. We believe that the dressing material's efficacy in the treatment of severe burns may be dependent on its ability to combat oxidative stress and inflammation.Öğe Ultra-structural and histopathological features of liver biopsy taken during laparotomy to confirm the diagnosis of biliary atresia(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Gurunluoglu, Semra; Gul, Mehmet; Zararsiz, Gokmen; Akpinar, Necmettin; Varol, Fatma, I; Demircan, Mehmet; Gurunluoglu, KubilayBackground: Neonatal cholestasis is caused by a group of diseases that cause jaundice, which can be encountered in the neonatal period. Biliary atresia (BA) and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (INH) are among neonatal cholestasis diseases. Aims: The aim of this study was to perform histopathological and ultra-structural examinations of liver biopsy tissue samples from BA and INH patients with liver biopsies taken during laparotomy to confirm the diagnosis of biliary atresia. Settings and Design: A total of patients undergoing Kasai surgery before the age of 60 days were included in an early group (n = 7), whereas patients undergoing surgery after the age of 60 days were included in a late group (n = 11). The control group (n = 11) included INH patients. Materials and Methods: For histopathological examinations, liver tissue samples obtained intra-operatively were subjected to routine histopathological procedures after being stained with caspase-3 and cytokeratin-7 antibodies. Ultra-structural evaluations were also performed. Statistical analysis used: For comparisons between the groups, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for continuous variables. Results: Histopathological findings reflected the specific liver pathologic findings seen in biliary atresia. Although there was no significant difference between the BA groups, these parameters were not detected in the control group. The histopathological evaluations revealed no significant differences in the findings of liver parenchyma damage between the early, late, and control groups. Electron microscopic examinations showed that the patients in the late group had more severe signs of intra-cellular damage to the liver. Conclusions: Although the histopathological examination revealed no significant differences in liver damage between the three groups, in ultra-structural evaluation, intra-cellular damage was found to be less in groups with better prognosis. Electron microscopy evaluations of intra-cellular damage may be more useful in this respect.Öğe Whole exome sequencing analysis for mutations in isolated type III biliary atresia patients(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2020) Gurunluoglu, Kubilay; Koc, Ahmet; Durmus, Kubra; Bag, Harika Gozukara; Ceran, Canan; Gurunluoglu, Semra; Yildiz, TuranAim of the study: Biliary atresia is an idiopathic, destructive disease that affects both extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts with severe inflammation and manifests as progressive jaundice within the first few months of life. In this study, we aimed to investigate the significance of genetic mutations in the onset of biliary atresia disease. Material and methods: With the approval of the ethics committee and parental consent, blood was taken from patients to obtain their DNA, and the study commenced. In this prospective study, we examined the DNA of 10 patients with no disease other than biliary atresia, and an exome sequence analysis was performed with the new-generation DNA sequencing method. The genetic structure of biliary atresia disease was examined by statistical analysis of the mutations, which were determined according to the reference DNA sequencing. Results: In the exome sequence analysis, the number of mutations detected among the patients changed significantly; the lowest number was 12,591, and the maximum was 19,863. By examining these mutations, we identified the mutated genes that were common to all patients. Conclusions: In this study, the highest mutation rates were detected in the PRIM2 and MAP2K3 genes. These genes have not previously been associated with biliary atresia.
