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    Comparison of pulmonary function testing among non-smokers, hand-rolled cigarette smokers and factory made cigarette smokers
    (SEAMEO TROPMED Network, 2018) Turgut K.; Turtay M.G.; Kılıc T.; Oguzturk H.; Gulactı U.; Gur A.; Guven T.
    Tobacco use causes significant health problems. The aim of this study was to compare the following factors among factory-made cigarette (FMC) smokers, hand-rolled cigarette (HRC) smokers and non-smokers (NS): demographic characteristics, pulmonary function testing (PFT) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels. PFT included checking: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow from 25-75% of the vital capacity (FEF25-75) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). We wanted to determine the impact of smoking on pulmonary function testing and to determine any differences in PFTs and COHb levels between FMC and HRC smokers. A total of 182 participants (all males) were included in the study. The subjects in the study were randomly chosen from emergency service admissions which had complaints other than respiratory system. The mean age of study subjects was 40.8 (range: 22-92) years. Mean age of starting smoking among HRC smokers was not significantly different from FMC smokers (95% CI:-0.55-2.37, p=0.220). HRC smokers had significantly lower economic and education levels than FMC smokers (95% CI: 9.0-45.2, p<0.01). NS had highest economic and educational levels (95% CI: 35.9-66.6, p<0.01) of the 3 study groups. The mean [±standard deviation(SD)] FEV1/FVC was 76.66 (±7.45) among FMC smokers (95% CI: 74.82-78.51), 77.36 (±8.14) among HRC smokers (95% CI: 75.36-79.36) and 83.13 (±5.08) among NS (95% CI: 81.70-84.56, p<0.01). The mean (±SD) FEV1 was 84.50 (±17.80) among FMC smokers (95% CI: 80.12-88.92 ), 89.4 (±15.8) among HRC smokers (95% CI: 85.56-93.32) and 95.30 (±13.3) among NS (95% CI: 91.59-99.07, p<0.01). The mean (±SD) PEF was 81.90 (±19.30) among HRC smokers (95% CI: 77.19-86.69), 78.10 (±18.70) among FMC smokers (95% CI: 73.47-82.74) and 86.20 (±16.0) among NS (95% CI: 81.70-90.69, p=0.06). The mean FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%, and PEF values among NS were significantly (p<0.05) higher for each variable than the mean of these values among FMC and HRC smokers. The mean COHb level among NS was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the mean COHb levels in the two smoking groups. There were no significant differences in PFT results or COHb levels between the two smoking groups (p>0.05). Cigarette smoking cause impairment of pulmonary function equally independent of the cigarette type (FMC, HRC) smoked. © 2018, SEAMEO TROPMED Network. All rights reserved.
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    Mushrooms: The velvety poison
    (A. CARBONE Editore, 2015) Gürbüz S.; Oguzturk H.; Turgut K.; Turtay M.G.; Guven T.
    Introduction: Mushroom poisoning, a frequent health condition worldwide, documented since ancient times, can occur when an amateur mushroom hunter misidentifies a mushroom due to the close resemblance between toxic and edible species. In the majority of cases, mistakenly ingested mushrooms cause only gastrointestinal irritation, but certain toxic species, such as Amanita phalloides, can cause multiorgan failure and death. This study investigated the demographic and clinical characteristics of 79 mushroom poisoning cases, together with the treatments applied and their outcomes. Materials and methods: A total of 79 adult patients who were admitted to the emergency ward of the medical faculty of Inönü University between 2011 and 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The 79 patients ranged in age from 18 to 85 years; 44 (55.7%) were female and 35 (44.3%) were male. A total of 62 (78.4%) of the poisoning cases occurred during the spring and autumn seasons, which in Turkey are characterized by the highest levels of rainfall. At admission, nausea was observed in 76 (96.2%) cases, vomiting in 63 (79.7%), abdominal pain in 18 (22.8%), and diarrhea in 3 (3.8%). In 35 (44.3%) cases, toxicity symptoms onset within 6 hours of ingestion and later in 45 (64.5%) patients. A total of 73 patients recovered fully following medical treatment and were therefore discharged; three others received a liver transplant, one of whom survived. The remaining three patients, in whom no transplantations were performed, died; therefore a total of five patients did not survive. Conclusion: Mushroom poisoning can cause serious, potentially fatal illness. Rapid toxin analysis, prompt treatment and liver transplantation decrease the likelihood of mortality.