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    Determination of phytochemical content by LC-MS/MS, investigation of antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibition effects of nettle (Urtica dioica)
    (Verduci Publisher, 2023) Ugur, Y.; Guzel, A.
    OBJECTIVE: Urtica dioica L. Subsp. dioica is an annual or perennial herba-ceous plant belonging to the Urticaceae fami-ly that has an important place in ethnobotany. This study aimed to investigate the phytochem-ical content and the inhibition effect on acetyl -cholinesterase (AChE), which interact with be-ta-amyloid to promote the deposition of amyloid plaques and paraoxonase (PON1). This plays a role in the regulation of HDL and LDL and an an-tiatherogenic, and antioxidant capacity of Urti-ca dioica. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phytochemi-cal content was determined by the liquid chro-matography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and to assess the enzyme inhibition and antiox-idant capacity the spectrophotometer technique was used. The antioxidant capacity of U. dioica extracts (methanol, hexane, and water) was de-termined by applying 2,2 '-azino-bis (3-ethylben-zothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS center dot+), 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH center dot+), ferric reduc-ing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric ion re-ducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods. RESULTS: The methanol extract of the U. dio-ica exhibited significant inhibition on the AChE (IC50= 0.098 +/- 0.011 mg/mL). However, metha-nol and water extracts of the U. dioica did not exhibit the inhibition effect on PON1. The high-est activity for ABTS center dot+ was in the hexane extract (55.97%), and for DPPH center dot+ was in the methanol extract (62.42%). Compared to other solvents (hexane and water), the methanol extract of the U. dioica showed the highest activity for FRAP and CUPRAC methods. Results (as absorbance) were 0.302 for CUPRAC and 0.147 for FRAP in the methanol extract of the U. dioica. The aceto-hydroxamic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellag-ic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and quercetin were qualified and quantified in LC-MS/MS anal-yses of Urtica dioica extract. CONCLUSIONS: U. dioica, which has antiox-idant, anti-atherosclerotic and neuroprotective effects, has a natural medicine potential if com-pared to synthetic drugs used in Alzheimer's pa-tients.