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    Conversion of grape industrial processing waste to activated carbon sorbent and its performance in cationic and anionic dyes adsorption
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Saygili, Hasan; Guzel, Fuat; Onal, Yunus
    Grape processing industry waste was used as a novel precursor for the production of a low-cost activated carbon with zinc chloride chemical activation. The effects of the production variables, such as impregnation ratio, activation temperature and activation time on the some textural properties were investigated. The optimal activated carbon which had the highest surface area and pore volume was obtained by these conditions as follows: 6:1 impregnation ratio, 600 degrees C activation temperature and 60 min activation time. The optimum conditions resulted in an activated carbon with a carbon content of 81.76% and a yield of 44.13%, while the surface area of 1455 m(2)/g, with the total pore volume of 2.318 cm(3)/g, mesoporosity of 94.61% and average pore diameter of 6.81 nm. These results showed that the grape wastes seemed to be an alternative precursor for the commercial activated carbon productions. The adsorptive property was tested using Methylene blue and Metanil yellow dyes. The adsorption behaviors for both dyes were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, showing a monolayer adsorption capacity of 417 mg/g and 386 mg/g for Methylene blue and Metanil yellow, respectively. This study demonstrated that produced optimal activated carbon could be employed as an efficient cleaner to compare with the commercial ones for the removal cationic and anionic dyes from wastewater. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Physical and chemical characterization of femur during and after body development period in male and female rats
    (Wiley, 2023) Yilmaz, Sadik; Baygeldi, Saime Betul; Kanmaz, Yesim Aslan; Guzel, Baris Can; Yilmaz, Yucehan; Karan, Meryem; Guzel, Fuat
    The aim of this study was to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the bone structures during four developmental periods. Forty Wistar Albino rats (20 male and 20 female) were divided into four groups including prepubertal period (group I), period between adolescence and adulthood (group II) and later (young adult period as group III and old adult period as group IV). The bones were analysed by morphometric measurements, XRF (X-ray fluorescence) analysis for mineral levels and BET analysis (Brunaurer-Emmett-Teller) for surface area and porosity. In morphometric measurements, the GL (greatest length) and the GLC (greatest length from caput femoris) values increased gradually from the first to the fourth group, and these values were higher in the males than the females. Phosphorus and calcium values were higher in the males in adult groups (third and fourth) compared to that for the females; however, they were higher in the females in groups up to adulthood (first and second). While the Ca/P ratio reached the highest value in the second group in the male, it decreased gradually afterwards. In females, the rate, which was close to each other in the first three groups, increased in the fourth group. Surface area size in the female and the male rats was the highest in the second group. In conclusion, changes in the rat bone structure during the development and adulthood periods of the body were revealed, and it was determined that the gender factor was effective in these changes.