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    The impact of the treasure game on geometric thinking and post-learning mood in first-grade children
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2024) Chikha, Anis Ben; Hawani, Aymen; Eken, Ozgur; Goumni, Chiraz; Zoghlami, Wael; Mrayeh, Maher; Kurtoglu, Ahmet
    Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the motor game Treasure Game (TG) on first-grade children's level of geometric thinking and post-learning mood tracking (PLMT). Methods: The study employed 24 first-grade children aged 6.1 +/- 0.7 years from a public primary school in Tunisia, all classified at Level 1 of van Hiele geometric thinking (GT). Participants were randomly in a counterbalanced, randomized crossover design in 2 groups and engaged in both the TG during physical education sessions and the conventional geometry course (CGC) during mathematics sessions over a 3-week period, with sessions counterbalanced to avoid order effects. The Van Hiele geometry test was administered to assess GT, and a mood chart was used to track PLMT. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (Chicago), applying paired and independent samples t-tests to compare the effects of TG and CGC on GT and mood, with significance set at P < .05 and effect sizes calculated using Cohen D and Hedges g. Results: The results indicated that the TG had a significant positive impact on both GT and PLMT in first-grade children. In group 1, there was no significant difference in GT after the CGC compared to TG; however, group 2 showed a significant improvement in GT after TG compared to CGC, with a large effect size. Additionally, PLMT scores were significantly higher after TG than after CGC in both groups, with mood scores increasing when transitioning from CGC to TG and decreasing when transitioning from TG to CGC. Overall, the data demonstrate that TG significantly enhances both cognitive and emotional outcomes in young learners compared to traditional geometry instruction. Conclusion: The study confirms that participation in the TG significantly enhances GT and improves post-learning mood in first-grade children. This suggests that integrating motor activities like TG into the curriculum could be a viable strategy for enhancing early geometric education. Further research with larger sample sizes and considerations of gender differences is recommended.
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    The influence of intermittent fasting on body metrics, lipid profile, and physical performance in young and middle-aged men
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2025) Gasmi, Maha; Hawani, Aymen; Ben Chikha, Anis; Eken, Ozgur; Marsigliante, Santo; Muscella, Antonella; Khalifa, Riadh
    Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) is increasingly adopted for weight and metabolic health management, yet its impact on lipid profile and physical performance in young and middle-aged men remains unclear. Aim: The present study examined the effect of a five-month (IF) on body composition, lipid profile, and physical performance. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of this eating pattern. Forty active male participants were divided into two age groups (a young group from 23 to 28 years and a middle-aged group from 46 to 59 years) and then randomly assigned to experimental (young experimental group (YE), middle-aged experimental group (ME)) or control groups (young control group, middle-aged control group). Before and after the five-month (IF) intervention (4 days per week), all participants performed the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint and the Test Blood for the determination of lipids profile. Results: Both young (YE) and middle-aged (ME) experimental groups showed significant reductions in weight (p = 0.012 for YE and p = 0.011 for ME), body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.011 for YE and p = 0.012 for ME) and fat-free mass (p = 0.004 for YE and p = 0.043 for ME) compared to control groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant main effects of time and group for weight (p < 0.001; p = 0.012), BMI (p = 0.012; p = 0.038), and fat-free mass (p = 0.023; p = 0.037), with significant time x group interaction for weight (p = 0.017) and trends for BMI (p = 0.048) and fat-free mass (p = 0.07); no significant effects were observed for body fat percentage (p > 0.05). In addition, our results showed that (IF) was associated with significant decrease in total cholesterol (p = 0.004 for YE and p = 0.0024 for ME) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (p = 0.004 for YE and p = 0.009 for ME) in both experimental groups. Low-density lipoprotein decreased significantly only in the young IF group (p = 0.041). However, IF did not affect triglyceride levels or physical performance. ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between time and group for HDL (p < 0.001), with greater reductions in middle-aged participants, and a significant group effect for triglycerides (p < 0.001), which were higher in middle-aged groups at both time points. Conclusion: These results suggest that while IF can positively influence body composition and is associated with selective changes in lipid profiles, its effects on triglycerides and physical performance may be limited. These findings underscore the need for further research to explore the long-term metabolic implications of IF, as well as potential age-related differences in response to fasting regimens.