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    Structural changes in periodontium of rats exposed to a low concentration of hydrogen sulfide for 50 days
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2016) Yeler, Defne Yalcin; Hocaoglu, Turgay; Koraltan, Melike; Aydin, Murat; Gul, Mehmet; Gul, Semir
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of H2S inhalation at a low concentration (at human equivalent dose of pathologic halitosis) on rat periodontium over a long term (50 days). The threshold level of pathologic halitosis perceived by humans at 250 ppb of H2S was converted to rat equivalent concentration (4.15 ppm). Rats in the experimental (H2S) group (n = 8) were exposed to H2S continuously but not the control rats (n = 8). After 50 days, periodontal tissue samples were taken from the mandibular first molar region and examined histopathologically to determine inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI), osteoblastic activities, number of osteoclasts, and resorption lacunae. Sulcular epithelium layer destruction was observed in the H2S group. Frequency of ICI was significantly higher in the H2S group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The number of osteoclasts were found significantly higher in the H2S group (34.28 +/- 3.28) compared to the control group (8.85 +/- 1.85) (P < 0.05) and the number of resorption lacunae were also higher in the cementum tissue (6.1 +/- 2.4) and alveolar bone (3.8 +/- 1.5) versus their corresponding control groups (1.6 +/- 0.5 and 1.4 +/- 0.5, respectively) (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to osteoblastic activity. H2S inhalation induces inflammatory changes in the periodontium as well as resorption of the alveolar bone and cementum tissue in rats. These histopathologic changes in periodontal tissues support the idea that long-term H2S inhalation may have a destructive effect on periodontal tissues.
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    Systemic effects of H2S inhalation at human equivalent dose of pathologic halitosis on rats
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Yeler, Defne Yalcin; Aydin, Murat; Gul, Mehmet; Hocaoglu, Turgay; Ozdemir, Hakan; Koraltan, Melike
    Objectives: Halitosis is composed by hundreds of toxic gases. It is still not clear whether halitosis gases self-inhaled by halitosis patients cause side effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of H2S inhalation at a low concentration (human equivalent dose of pathologic halitosis) on rats. Materials and methods: The threshold level of pathologic halitosis perceived by humans at 250ppb of H2S was converted to rat equivalent concentration (4.15ppm). In the experimental group, 8 rats were exposed to H2S via continuous inhalation but not the control rats. After 50 days, blood parameters were measured and tissue samples were obtained from the brain, kidney and liver and examined histopathologically to determine any systemic effect. Results: While aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase levels were found to be significantly elevated, carbondioxide and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in experimental rats. Other blood parameters were not changed significantly. Experimental rats lost weight and became anxious.Histopathological examination showed mononuclear inflammatory cell invasion in the portal areas, nuclear glycogen vacuoles in the parenchymal area, single-cell necrosis in a few foci, clear expansion in the central hepatic vein and sinusoids, hyperplasia in Kupffer cells and potential fibrous tissue expansion in the portal areas in the experimental rats. However, no considerable histologic damage was observed in the brain and kidney specimens. Conclusions: It can be concluded that H2S inhalation equivalent to pathologic halitosis producing level in humans may lead to systemic effects, particularly heart or liver damage in rats.