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    eNOS gene polymorphısms and transıtıonal cell cancer of the bladder
    (2020) Toker, Aziz; Erkan, Erkan; Hocaoglu Emre, Fatma Sinem; Yucetas, Ugur
    Aim: In this case-control study, we examined the association between two types of eNOS gene polymorphisms (intron 4 a/b and Glu298Asp) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.Nitric Oxide (NO) is a free radical that plays a key role in various physiological and pathophysiological processes, particularly in the circulatory system. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS), as a member of NOS family, is the enzyme, responsible for the physiological production of nitric oxide in the endothelium. Polymorphisms of eNOS have been related to increased risk for different types of cancers. Material and Methods: A total of 64 patients with bladder TCC and 80 controls with similar epidemiological characteristics of patients group were evaluated and compared in terms of eNOS gene polymorphisms of two different types ((intron 4 a/b and Glu298Asp). Following DNA isolation from the blood samples, eNOS gene was replicated via PCR. The genomic distribution of two types of eNOS polymorphism was determined by gel electrophoresis following the process of restriction, for both groups. Results: The alleles most commonly observed in patient group were “ab” for intron 4 (OR= 1.80, 95% CI: 0.71-4.64; P=0.20) and “GT” for Glu298Asp polymorphisms (OR= 1.65, 95% CI: 0.85-3.22; P=0.14). Neither bladder cancer risk nor disease grade was associated with these polymorphisms. Conclusions: This study suggests that the intron 4 a/b and Glu298Asp eNOS gene polymorphisms are not associated with bladder cancer susceptibility. However, it is mandatory to conduct further trials with more patients to confirm these findings and to evaluate the association between bladder cancer and eNOS gene polymorphisms.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia among elementary school children in Turkey
    (2021) Hocaoglu Emre, Fatma Sinem; Oguz, Osman
    Aim: The purpose of our study was to determine the rate of anemia and iron store status in Turkish elementary school children. Materials and Methods: We included 1296 children applied to pediatrics department of a large teaching hospital and evaluated the hemoglobin, iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity and ferritin levels. Results: The results showed that 9.88% of the children had anemia and 1.62% had iron-deficiency anemia. Despite the normal Hemoglobin (Hb) levels, the ratio of children with low ferritin levels was found to be 36.49%, suggesting that children with normal Hb levels might not be having adequate level of iron stored. The Hb levels were found to be significantly lower in the group of 6- and 7-year old children when compared to other ages. Conclusion: Being an elementary issue for normal growth and academic success in school, iron status should be closely monitored in school children. Additionally, different age groups have different needs for iron supplementation; therefore contemporary guidelines for the management of anemia in children should be established by authorities.