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    Follicular cystitis: a review of the literature with several cases
    (2017) Ediz, Caner; Ihvan, Ayse Nur; Dincer, Hakan Remzi
    Follicular cystitis (FC) is a benign pathology of bladder surface and has a proliferative character. It is an entity that belongs to the group of chronic cystopathies. FC were identified by Cruveilier for the first time in the year 1856. Bacterial infections and inflammatory process are believed to be responsible for the etiology. Patients present with non-specific lower urinary tract symptoms such as dysuria, hematuria and pollakiuria. But recurrent urinary tract infection or resistant microscopic or macroscopic hematuria attacks can be stimulating for the diagnosis of FC. Usually, radiological imaging methods don’t help to diagnosis. The real diagnosis of FC consists of cystoscopy planning followed by histopathological examination. In the cystoscopy, mostly the presence of nodules in trigone localization can be detected. The presence of large number of plasmatic cells and lymphocytes in lymphoid follicles in trigonal area mucosa and submucosa of bladder are typical characteristics of FC. So, pathological examination is necessary for the final diagnosis of this entity. Conservative management is the best and most applied method in treatment. Notwithstanding the preferred approaches in conservative treatment options, radiotherapy and cystectomy can be applied in refractory cases. In our study, we evaluate current approaches with several cases with follicular cystitis and alternative treatment options with accompanying guidelines to treat this entity
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    Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio before the second biopsy while detecting atypical small acinar proliferation
    (2019) Ediz, Caner; Ihvan, Ayse Nur
    Aim: In this study, we aimed to detect of predictive valueof neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio before the second biopsy while detecting atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) in high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level.Material and Methods: Two thousand two hundred ninety five patients underwent 10-12 quadrant TRUSBP between January 2008 and January 2016 have been evaluated retrospectively. Seventy sixpatients, whose data were reached, are taken into the study. Before the first biopsy,total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), rate of percentage of free to total prostate specific antigen (f/tPSA) rate, PSA density (PSAD),blood neutrophil count (NC) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)were measured. Second biopsy results and changes in the data are compared.Results: Benign prostate hyperplasia in 44 patients (57.89%),ASAP in 16 (21.05%) and prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) in 16 patients (21.05%)was detected. The patient’s age, tPSA, fPSA, t/fPSA, PSAD,NC and NLR were 63.29 years, 8.68ng/mL, 1.87ng/mL, 21.34%, 18.15 ng/ml2, 5.2710^3/μL and 2.95 in group 1 and 64.31 years, 8.62 ng/mL, 1.58ng/mL,21.01%, 20.18 ng/ml2, 7.5310^3/μL and 2.84 in group 2, respectively. Patient’s age, tPSA, fPSA, f/tPSA, PSAD, NC and NLR were not statistically significant between in two groups (p >0,05).Conclusions: We think that inflammation is a stimulant factor for PCa in patients with ASAP. So, before the first biopsy, it may be able to predict a cancer by considering NC and NLR in patients with ASAP. Although not significant, NC and NLR values were found to be higher in ASAP/malign than benign cases in the evaluation of ASAP patients before the second biopsy.Keywords: Prostate Cancer; Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation; Neutrophil-To-Iymphocyte Ratio.