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    Analysis of fibre reinforced concrete for road pavements on very weak soils
    (Croatian Soc Civil Engineers-Hsgi, 2023) Geckil, Tacettin; Tanyildizi, Mehmet Mahmut; Ince, Ceren Beyza
    In this paper, the effects of steel fibre usage on concrete pavement thickness and cost were investigated. Prepared fibrous concrete specimens were subjected to physical and mechanical tests. From the experiments, it was determined that as the steel fibre ratio increased, the workability and compressive strength of the specimens decreased, but the flexural and splitting tensile strengths increased. In addition, according to calculations made using the AASHTO 1993 design method, the concrete pavement thickness decreased in the range of 4.35 to 18.66 % with an increase in steel fibre, but the pavement cost increased by 56.50 to 74.07 %.
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    Evaluation of prina for use in asphalt modification
    (Elsevier, 2022) Geckil, Tacettin; Issi, Semih; Ince, Ceren Beyza
    In this study, the usability of prina, which is a biomass waste, in asphalt modification was evaluated by investigating its effects on the physical, rheological, microstructural and chemical characteristics of asphalt binder. For this, modified asphalt binders were obtained by adding prina (wt. 5, 10, 15, 20 %) to pure B160/220 penetration class asphalt. The properties of the pure and modified binder samples were determined by exposure to penetration, ductility, softening point, dynamic shear rheometer, rotational viscometer, bending beam rheometer, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis tests. According to the physical test results, with the addition of 15 % prina, the penetration and ductility values of asphalt binders decreased by 26.4 % and 14.4 %, respectively, and the softening point values increased by 11.3 %. In addition, it was observed that the temperature sensitivity of the binder decreased by 58.2 % at this rate and the penetration class changed to B 100/150. The rheological test results showed that the permanent deformation (rutting) resistance of binders with 15 % prina added in particular increased at 6 degrees C higher temperatures compared to pure asphalt, and the prina modified binders behaved like a more elastic solid despite hardening. Chemical characterization results showed that prina additive contributed to the increase in the flexibility of modified binders due to its cellulosic and flexible structure. As a result, it is evaluated that prina can be used as a remedial additive in asphalt modification and contribute to the increase of pavement performance, and also that the damage of this waste material to the environment can be eliminated.
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    Laboratory evaluation of oak ash waste for use in hot mix asphalt modification
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Geckil, Tacettin; Ince, Ceren Beyza; Aksagan, Zulfukar
    In this study, the effect of Oak Ash (OA), a biomass waste, on the mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA) was investigated and its usability in road engineering was evaluated. For this purpose, firstly, various physical and chemical properties of B70/100 penetration class pure asphalt, OA and crushed limestone aggregate were determined. Then, the optimum asphalt content (OAC) of the mixture was determined according to the Marshall mix design method using aggregate and pure asphalt. Based on this determined content, pure and OA added (1%, 2%, 4% and 6% by weight of asphalt) modified hot mix specimens were prepared. Pure and OA added modified mixture specimens were subjected to Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength (ITS), moisture damage, indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM), static-dynamic creep and calorie tests. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that the OA additive has an improving effect on all mechanical properties of the mixtures, especially on the permanent deformation resistance at high temperatures. It is considered that the use of this additive at a rate of 2% in the hot mixture can increase the resistance of the pavement against deterioration and reduce the maintenance and repair costs of the road.
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    Moisture Resistance of Bituminous Hot Mixtures Modified with Waste PET
    (Gazi Univ, 2021) Geckil, Tacettin; Onal, Yunus; Ince, Ceren Beyza
    In this study, effect of waste PET additive on moisture damage resistance of bituminous hot mixtures were investigated. For this purpose, firstly, 2.5% by weight Triethanolamine (TEO/TEOA) chemical was added to pure B 70/100 bitumen to create a chemical bond between bitumen and PET. Then, modified bitumens were obtained by adding waste PET in the ratios of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% by weight of bitumen to this bitumen-TEO blend. Modified bitumen samples were subjected to X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests to determine the interaction between bitumen and PET. In the second stage of the study, the optimum bitumen content (obc) of the mixture was determined according to Marshall mixture design method using pure bitumen and aggregate. Modified mixture specimens were prepared by keeping this bitumen ratio constant in order to compare it with pure (control) mixture results. The mixture specimens prepared were subjected to Marshall stability and flow, retained Marshall stability (RMS) and indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests. According to the test results, it was observed that bitumen tends to harden with the addition of waste PET and a good chemical interaction occurs between bitumen and PET. In addition, it was observed that the waste PET additive did not have a serious effect on the Marshall stability and flow value of the mixtures, but increased the moisture damage resistance of the mixtures by generating significant increases in RMS and indirect tensile strength ratio (ITSR) values.
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    Physical, rheological and microstructural properties of waste LDPE and TEOA modified bitumens
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Geckil, Tacettin; Ince, Ceren Beyza; Tanyildizi, Mehmet Mahmut
    In this study, low density polyethylene (LDPE) and triethanolamine (TEOA) were used together by applying a different process in order to obtain a good chemical interaction between LDPE and bitumen in bitumen modification and the effects of this interaction on the performance properties of bitumen were investigated. For this purpose, modified bitumens were obtained by adding 2.5 wt% TEOA and different proportions (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) of waste LDPE to pure B 70/100 bitumen. Physical and rheological properties of pure and modified bitumens were determined by conventional and Superpave tests, and microstructural characterizations were determined by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR spectroscopy tests. As a result of the tests, it was observed that phase separation disappeared by forming a good chemical interaction between bitumen and LDPE. In addition, it has been determined that with the addition of LDPE, the binders come to a hard consistency and their temperature sensitivity decreases, but they retain their elasticity properties. It was determined that especially 4% LDPE added binders showed a significant increase in permanent deformation, fatigue and thermal crack resistance, which are performance properties at high, intermediate, and low temperatures, respectively.
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    The Workability and Permanent Deformation Resistance of Pirina Modified Bitumens at High Temperatures
    (Gazi Univ, 2022) Geckil, Tacettin; Ince, Ceren Beyza; Issi, Semih
    In this study, the effect of pirina, which is an agricultural waste, on the workability and permanent deformation resistance of bituminous binders at high temperatures were investigated. For this purpose, firstly, modified bitumens were obtained by adding 5, 10, 15 and 20% by weight of pirina to pure B 160/220 bitumen. Physical properties of pure and modified bitumens are determined by penetration, softening point and ductility tests; fluidity and workability properties at high temperatures by the rotational viscometer (RV) test; the permanent deformation resistance of the binders by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test; their chemical characterizations were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. According to the physical and RV test results, it was observed that the binders tended to harden, their viscosity decreased and the workability temperatures increased accordingly. In addition, it has been determined that the temperature sensitivity of the binders decreases with the addition of pirina. According to DSR test results, the resistance of pure bitumen against permanent deformations at 58 degrees C high temperature increased to 64 degrees C, especially by 15% due to the increase in the additive of pirina. According to the chemical characterization results, it was observed that the bitumen-pirina blend formed a homogeneous single-phase structure and the blend became an elastic structure despite hardening due to the cellulosic structure of the raw pirina. As a result, it was observed that the workability of the binders hardened with the pirina additive, but their resistance to permanent deformation at high temperatures increased.