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    Effects of L-NAME and timolol on aqueous IL-1?, IL-6 IL-8, TNF-? and NO levels after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in rabbits
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2002) Er, H; Doganay, S; Evereklioglu, C; Cekmen, M; Daglioglu, MC; Isci, N
    PURPOSE. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced by tissues and play a vital role in the host inflammatory response and uveitis. Nitric oxide (NO) can be produced in large amounts as a response to experimentally-induced uveitis or cytokines. In this study, we measured the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and free-radical in aqueous humor after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in rabbits, and investigated whether timolol maleate an anti-glaucoma drug, or a NO synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl esther (L-NAME) had an inhibitory effect on these molecules, since L-NAME is a known anti-inflammatory agent in rabbits. METHODS. Bilateral experimental Nd:YAG laser iridotomy (power 7.5 mJ, mode single burst, aiming beam 4) was performed on 18 rabbits under general plus topical anesthesia. Aqueous humor samples were taken by clear corneal paracentesis preoperatively, and 1 and 24 h postoperatively. Six rabbits (12 eyes) were given bilateral topical timolol maleate 0.5% (Timoptic(R)) drop b.i.d (group 1), six rabbits (12 eyes) received bilateral 0.1 ml subconjuntival injections of L-NAME (150 mg/kg) (group 2), and six rabbits (12 eyes) were treated with topical balanced salt solution (BSS) b.i.d. (control). RESULTS. Preoperative cytokine and NO levels were comparable in the three groups, with no significant differences. In addition, there was no significant difference in baseline cytokine levels between the right and left eyes. In all groups, pre- and postoperative mean IL-1beta levels were below the:detection limit of the assay (< 5.0 pg/ml). In the control group, postoperative mean IL-6, IL-8 and NO levels were significantly higher after Nd: YAG laser iridotomy than before (for each, p < 0.01). Timolol and L-NAME both inhibited the rise in IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels. Timolol also inhibited the rise in IL-6 but not NO. L-NAME had an inhibitory effect against NO, but not IL-6. CONCLUSIONS. L-NAME has an inhibitory effect on IL-8, TNF-alpha and NO, but not on IL-6. Timolol had inhibitory effects on IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. but not on NO. These preliminary experimental results might help in assessing the effect of Nd: YAG laser iridotomy in aqueous humor, and to understand the inhibitory effects of timolol and L-NAME against these molecules.
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    Effects of NG-nitro L-arginine and corticosteroids on aqueous humor levels of nitric oxide and cytokines after cataract surgery
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 1999) Er, H; Gündüz, A; Turkoz, Y; Çigli, A; Isci, N
    Purpose: To assess the efficacy of nitric oxide synthesis (NOS) inhibitor, topical steroids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on aqueous levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines after cataract surgery. Setting: Research Laboratory, Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. Methods: Fifteen rabbits had intercapsular phacoemulsification and were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups: Group 1 was treated with topical prednisolone acetate 1% drops 5 times a day for 1 week; Group 2, flurbiprofen 0.03% drops 5 times a day for 1 week; Group 3, a 0.1 cc subconjunctival injection of NG-nitro L-arginine (L-NAME) (150 mg/kg) 1 day and 3 days after surgery. Three rabbits serving as controls received a subconjunctival injection of an equal volume of balanced salt solution (BSS(R)) at the same times as the L-NAME injections. Aqueous humor specimens were collected from each eye to determine NO and cytokine levels including interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-2R (IL-2R), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Results: The levels of IL-1 beta and IL-6 were higher in Group 2 and the control group than in Groups 1 and 3 at ail times. The differences were not statistically significant (P <.05), Nitric oxide and TNF-alpha levels in Groups 1 and 3 were significantly lower than in Groups 2 and the controls 1, 3, and 7 days postoperatively (P <.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest a strong inhibitory effect of NOS inhibitors and corticosteroids on aqueous levels of TNF-alpha and NO and no inhibitory effect on IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999; 25:794-799 (C) 1999 ASCRS and ESCRS.
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    Patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and malignant and cirrhotic ascites
    (Natl Med Assoc, 2005) Yildirim, B; Sari, R; Isci, N
    Background: Cytokines play a key role in the regulation of cells of the immune system and also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of malignant diseases. Method and Patients: We studied tumor necrosis factor-cl, tumor necrosis factor receptor and C-reactive protein levels in both ascitic fluid and serum in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) (n=22), and in the malignant (n=38) and cirrhotic (n=32) ascites. Results: C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-a and tumor necrosis factor receptor levels in the ascitic fluid were found to be elevated in the SBP (p<0.001) and malignant groups (p<0.005) when compared with the sterile cirrhotic group. C-reactive protein levels in the serum were found to be elevated in the SBP group when compared with the sterile cirrhotic (p<0.001) and malignant group (p<0.005). Tumor necrosis factor-a in the serum was significantly elevated in the SBP when compared with the cirrhotic (p<0.005) and malignant ascites (p<0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of ascitic fluid CRP in discriminating malignant 84% and 67% and SBP from sterile ascites were 90% and 76%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ascitic fluid TNF-alpha in discriminating malignant 77% and 60% and SBP from sterile ascites were 82% and 66%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of TNF-r p60 in discriminating malignant 74% and 70% and SBP from sterile ascites were 80% and 76%, respectively. Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of ascitic fluid CRP, TNF-alpha and TNF-r values were found to be similar. Ascitic fluid C-reactive protein to differentiate SBP and malignant ascitic from cirrhotic ascites are cheap, practical and safe tests used in the differential diagnosis of ascites.